devices to allow energy release at night and for continuous supply under low wind conditions. The most prevalent type of secondary energy storage uses lithiumion batteries (LIBs), that possess high energy density and long cycle life and have brought about a remarkable technical revolution for portable electronics, vehicles, and many other aspects in daily life. [1] However, considering the growing cost of the limited lithium resources and safety concerns derived from intrinsic chemical activity of metallic lithium and its combustible ester electrolytes, aqueous rechargeable batteries have been recently spotlighted as promising alternatives especially for utilization of large-scale energy storage stations. [2] Among them, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained exceptional interest in aqueous systems due to the beneficial physicochemical properties of zinc, that is, i) a high theoretical volumetric capacity around 5585 mAh cm −3 of a metallic zinc anode compared with 2061 mAh cm −3 and 1129 mAh cm −3 for lithium and sodium anodes, respectively; ii) low redox potential of −0.762 V versus standard hydrogen electrode, and iii) electrochemical stability of metallic zinc in its sulfate solutions at near neutral or slightly acidic aqueous electrolyte providing the batteries with safe, costeffective, and environment-friendly characteristics. [3][4][5][6] Cost-effective and environmentally-friendly aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibit tremendous potential for application in grid-scale energy storage systems but are limited by suitable cathode materials. Hydrated vanadium bronzes have gained significant attention for AZIBs and can be produced with a range of different pre-intercalated ions, allowing their properties to be optimized. However, gaining a detailed understanding of the energy storage mechanisms within these cathode materials remains a great challenge due to their complex crystallographic frameworks, limiting rational design from the perspective of enhanced Zn 2+ diffusion over multiple length scales. Herein, a new class of hydrated porous δ-Ni 0.25 V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O nanoribbons for use as an AZIB cathode is reported. The cathode delivers reversibility showing 402 mAh g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 and a capacity retention of 98% over 1200 cycles at 5 A g −1 . A detailed investigation using experimental and computational approaches reveal that the host "δ" vanadate lattice has favorable Zn 2+ diffusion properties, arising from the atomic-level structure of the well-defined lattice channels. Furthermore, the microstructure of the as-prepared cathodes is examined using multi-length scale X-ray computed tomography for the first time in AZIBs and the effective diffusion coefficient is obtained by imagebased modeling, illustrating favorable porosity and satisfactory tortuosity.

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Several studies have reported that ABO blood groups may be associated with HBV infection. However, its association is still controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether ABO blood groups were associated with HBV infection.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesRelevant studies available before 1 December 2019 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteriaAll cross-sectional or cohort studies from which the data of ABO blood group distribution and HBV infection could be extracted.Data extraction and synthesisStudies were identified and extracted by two reviewers independently. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were pooled by random-effect models to quantify this association.ResultsThirty-eight eligible articles including 241 868 HBV-infected subjects and 6 487 481 uninfected subjects were included. Overall, the risk of HBV infection had decreased by 8% in subjects with blood group B when compared with non-B blood group (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98). In the subgroup analyses, the inverse relationship between blood group B and HBV infection remained stable in higher endemic areas (HBV prevalence ≥5%), Asian people, larger sample size studies (≥2000), general population and blood donors, lower middle income group and studies published before the year 2010. Additionally, subjects with blood group O had a 12% increased risk of HBV infection (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) in higher endemic areas. In the sensitivity analysis, the pooled risk estimates of blood group B and HBV infection were still stable.ConclusionsOur data suggested that the blood group B was associated with a lower risk of HBV infection. More research is needed to clarify the precise role of the ABO blood group in HBV infection to address the global question of HBV infection.

Defect-engineered vanadium bronzes with ultra-fast zinc-ion diffusion kinetics and excellent stability were created by a two-pronged strategy as cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease leading to the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and teeth. The current guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes for periodontitis treatments cannot effectively promote tissue regeneration for the limited antibacterial properties and the excessively fast degradation rate. Besides, they need extra tailoring according to variform defects before implantation, leading to imprecise match. This study proposed an injectable sodium alginate hydrogel composite (CTP-SA) doped with cubic cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and polydopaminecoated titanium dioxide (TiO 2 @PDA) nanoparticles for GTR. Inspired by the gelation process of the jelly, the phase change (liquid to solid) of CTP-SA after injection could automatch variform bone defects. Meanwhile, CTP-SA exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities under blue light (BL) irradiation, including Streptococcus mutans (one of the most abundant bacteria in oral biofilms). Moreover, the reactive oxygen species released under BL excitation could accelerate the oxidation of Cu + to Cu 2+ . Afterward, osteogenesis could be enhanced through two factors simultaneously: the stimulation of newly formed Cu 2+ and the photothermal effect of CTP-SA under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Collectively, through this dual-light (blue and NIR) noninvasive regulation, CTP-SA could switch antibacterial and osteogenic modes to address requirements of patients at different healing stages, thereby realizing the customized GTR procedures.

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have the potential to be utilised in grid-scale energy storage system owing to their high energy density and cost-effective properties. However, the dissolution of cathode materials and the irreversible extraction of pre-intercalated metal-ions in the electrode materials restrict the stability of AZIBs. Herein, a cathode stabilised zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) strategy is reported based on a natural biomass polymer sodium alginate as the electrolyte coupling with a Na + pre-intercalated δ-Na0.65Mn2O4•1.31H2O cathode. The dissociated Na + in alginate after gelation directly stabilises the cathodes by preventing the collapse of layered structures during charge processes. The as-fabricated ZIBs deliver a high capacity showing 305 mAh g -1 at 0.1 A g -1 , even 10% higher than the ZIBs with an aqueous electrolyte. Further, the hybrid polymer electrolyte possessed excellent coulombic efficiency above 99% and capacity retention of 96% within 1000 cycles at 2 A g -1 . A detailed investigation combining ex-situ experiments uncover the charge storage mechanism and the stability of assembled batteries, confirming the reversible diffusions of both Zn 2+ and pre-intercalated Na + . A flexible device of ZIBs fabricated based on vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) possesses an outstanding performance of 160 mAh g -1 at 1 A g -1 , which illustrates their potential for wearable electronics in mass production.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a critical process in the electrolysis of water. Recently, much effort has been dedicated to developing low‐cost, highly efficient, and stable electrocatalysts. Transition metal phosphides are investigated intensively due to their high electronic conductivity and optimized absorption energy of intermediates in acid electrolytes. However, the low stability of metal phosphide materials in air and during electrocatalytic processes causes a decay of performance and hinders the discovery of specific active sites. The HER in alkaline media is more intricate, which requires further delicate design due to the Volmer steps. In this work, phosphorus‐modified monoclinic β‐CoMoO4 is developed as a low‐cost, efficient, and stable HER electrocatalyst for the electrolysis of water in alkaline media. The optimized catalyst shows a small overpotential of 94 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the HER with high stability in KOH electrolyte, and an overpotential of 197 mV to reach a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Combined computational and in situ spectroscopic techniques show P is present as a surface phosphate ion; that electron holes localize on the surface ions and both (PO1−) and Co3+OH− are prospective surface active sites for the HER.

Polymer electrolytes have been extensively applied for zinc-ion batteries, especially those based on hydrogels; however, the densification of the hydrogel electrolytes during cycling affects the durability, resulting in capacity attenuation....