Jelly-Inspired Injectable Guided Tissue Regeneration Strategy with Shape Auto-Matched and Dual-Light-Defined Antibacterial/Osteogenic Pattern Switch Properties

Abstract

Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease leading to the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and teeth. The current guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes for periodontitis treatments cannot effectively promote tissue regeneration for the limited antibacterial properties and the excessively fast degradation rate. Besides, they need extra tailoring according to variform defects before implantation, leading to imprecise match. This study proposed an injectable sodium alginate hydrogel composite (CTP-SA) doped with cubic cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and polydopaminecoated titanium dioxide (TiO 2 @PDA) nanoparticles for GTR. Inspired by the gelation process of the jelly, the phase change (liquid to solid) of CTP-SA after injection could automatch variform bone defects. Meanwhile, CTP-SA exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities under blue light (BL) irradiation, including Streptococcus mutans (one of the most abundant bacteria in oral biofilms). Moreover, the reactive oxygen species released under BL excitation could accelerate the oxidation of Cu + to Cu 2+ . Afterward, osteogenesis could be enhanced through two factors simultaneously: the stimulation of newly formed Cu 2+ and the photothermal effect of CTP-SA under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Collectively, through this dual-light (blue and NIR) noninvasive regulation, CTP-SA could switch antibacterial and osteogenic modes to address requirements of patients at different healing stages, thereby realizing the customized GTR procedures.

A Review on Hydrogels with Photothermal Effect in Wound Healing and Bone Tissue Engineering

“…To improve the treatment efficacy, strategies include increasing the irradiation time and adding bioactive agents for co-therapy. Photothermal antibacterial materials can be combined with various antibacterial substances, (such as Cu 2 O [ 98 ], Ag + [ 99 , 100 ], and Au [ 101 ]), to increase antibacterial effect. The antimicrobial metal ions and metal oxides can act synergistically with photothermal materials to increase the antimicrobial properties of the composite material.…”

Advances in Copper-Based Biomaterials With Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Panel (C) and panel (D) reprinted with permission from ref. ( Xu et al, 2020 ) (Copyright 2020; American Chemical Society).…”

“…The increased release of Cu 2+ and the photothermal effect of TiO 2 @PDA when combined with NIR irradiation endowed the composite with osteogenic properties, which were beneficial for alveolar bone repair. This kind of bone implant material, which simultaneously enables dual customization of shape and function, has the potential for multiple applications in biomedicine ( Figures 3C ,D) ( Xu et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Wang et al prepared sodium alginate hydrogel doped with cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) nanoparticles and polydopamine (PDA)-coated titanium dioxide (TiO 2 @PDA) nanoparticles to form a composite (CTP-SA) for guided tissue regeneration to treat periodontitis. The increased release of Cu 2+ and the photothermal effect of TiO 2 @PDA when combined with NIR irradiation endowed the composite with osteogenic properties, which were beneficial for (Xu et al, 2020).…”

Stem Cell Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis: Host Limitations and Strategies

“…However, the inherent instability and delivery controllability of growth factors make their effects still controversial. In addition, the present regenerative periodontal therapies are usually conducted with artificial materials in surgery, which remains challenging to reduce surgical trauma and reconstruct the structural support upon massive defects (11). Therefore, current treatments of chronic periodontitis are still challenging in achieving functional recovery of the periodontium.…”