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In this paper, the thermal elevation in the human body due to the operation of a dual-unit epiretinal prosthesis to restore partial vision to the blind affected by irreversible retinal degeneration is presented. An accurate computational model of a 60-electrode device dissipating 97 mW power, currently under clinical trials is developed and positioned in a 0.25 mm resolution, heterogeneous model of the human head to resemble actual conditions of operation of the prosthesis. A novel simple finite difference scheme combining the explicit and the alternating-direction implicit (ADI) method has been developed and validated with existing methods. Simulation speed improvement up to 11 times was obtained for the the head model considered in this work with very good accuracy. Using this method, solutions of the bioheat equation were obtained for different placements of the implant. Comparison with in-vivo experimental measurements showed good agreement.

Background: Aims and objectives of the study was to study the incidence of H. pylori infection in our Hospital. To find out the sensitivity and specificity of rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological examination for the detection of H. pylori on gastric biopsy. To study the effect of anti H. pylori drugs by performing follow-up endoscopy in terms of positive or negative Rapid Urease Test and Histopathological Examination report.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, DPU University, for a period of 2 years (from July 2012-September 2014) and is a prospective and comparative randomized type of study using 100 patients. The study was approved by the Institute’s Ethics Committee.Results: Data analysis showed that: In our study 84 patients (84%) were detected positive by RUT method. In our study 83 patients (83 %) were detected positive by HPE method. There was an association between RUT and HPE finding in study group with the sensitivity being 96.38 % and specificity being 74.47 %, PPV was 95.24% and NPV was 81.25%. At the time of follow up after taking anti H pylori treatment, 79 patients were RUT negative and 8 were RUT positive who were defaulters (not taken complete dose) and again started on treatment with the accuracy of the drug being 98.85 %. At the time of follow up after taking anti H pylori treatment 78 patients were HPE negative and 9 were HPE positive who were defaulters (not taken complete dose) and again started on treatment. There was an association between RUT and HPE finding at follow up with the sensitivity being 88.89 % and specificity being 100%, PPV was 100% and NPV was 98.73%.Conclusions: Our study reveals that RUT is accurate for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and its use will serve as a good alternative to histology in management of patients with dyspepsia in resource poor environments, except in patients who need histology for reasons other than H. pylori diagnosis.

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Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) constitutes 30% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. It can present as a nodal disease or as an extra nodal disease. Based on the site of origin, extra nodal DLBCL (EN-DLBCL) may have a distinct clinical outcome. Apart from the site of origin, factors including demographics, stage, and presence of any other primary malignancy also affect the outcome. The purpose of our study was to characterize prognostically distinct groups based on the site of presentation of EN-DLBCL. Methods We used 18 registries in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify the patients with EN-DLBCL for 2000 - 2015 with last follow-up till December 31, 2018. A total of 30,290 EN-DLBCL patients were selected and categorized based on 13 broad sites grouping. Demographic variables were summarized. We did overall survival analysis with univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard modeling. Short-term survival trend was calculated as well. Results The percentage of EN-DLBCL of all DLBCLs is 34.48%. EN-DLBCL was comparatively seen more in males (54.94%) and non-Hispanic whites (71.52%). In terms of clinical characteristics, patients with EN-DLBCL were mostly diagnosed at age ≥ 60 years (66.11%), early stage (69.33%), and presentation as first primary cancer (81.89%). A higher risk of mortality was seen in non-Hispanic black (hazard ratio (HR) 1.36), with late age of onset (HR 2.69), late stage at presentation (HR 1.42), and with history of other malignancy (HR 1.29). Compared to the intestinal tract, the risk of overall mortality was higher in individuals with involvement of nervous system (HR 1.85), pancreas and hepatobiliary system (HR 1.22), and respiratory system (HR 1.18) and the best outcomes were seen in heart and mediastinal site (HR 0.58) of DLBCL. Conclusion Based upon our population-based study, we conclude that primary site of presentation of EN-DLBCL is an important prognostic factor with significant difference in survival based on histological and epidemiological characteristics.

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Introduction: During sliding mechanics, frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement; which must be controlled to allow application of light continuous forces. objective:To investigate static and kinetic frictional resistance between three orthodontic brackets: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel, and three 0.019×0.025" archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum. Materials & Method:The in vitro study compared the effects of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium archwires on frictional forces of three orthodontic bracket systems: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel brackets. All brackets had 0.022" slots, and the wires were 0.019×0.025". Friction was evaluated in a simulated half-arch fixed appliance on a testing machine. The static and kinetic friction data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Duncan multiple range test. result: Self-ligating (Damon) brackets generated significantly lower static and kinetic frictional forces than stainless steel (Gemini) and ceramic brackets (Clarity). Among the archwire materials, Beta-titanium showed the maximum amount of frictional force and stainless steel archwires had the lowest frictional force. conclusion:The static and kinetic frictional force for stainless steel bracket was lowest in every combination of wire.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a laryngeal carcinoma with concurrent tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. In the face of an unhelpful fine needle aspiration cytology examination, an assumption of metastatic neck disease could have been made. Subsequent surgical and/or oncological intervention would have been highly inappropriate, with potentially catastrophic effects. This case highlights the importance of proper diagnosis, and emphasises the fact that tuberculosis should always be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis.