Computation of Induced Current Densities in the Human Body at Low Frequencies Due to Contact Electrodes Using the ADI-FDTD Method

Singh, Vinit; Ajeet, A; Kwatra, N; J, C; Ziriax, John M.; D'Andrea, John A.; Lazzi, Gianluca

doi:10.1109/temc.2009.2039482

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used for studying many EMC problems in the past two decades [1]- [3]. However, we have to indicate that the conventional FDTD method, based on the explicit difference algorithm, is constrained by the Courant Friedrich Levy (CFL) condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved leapfrog ADI-FDTD method for computing surface current distributions of complex structures in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP)

Wang

2012

2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility

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An improved leapfrog alternating-direction (ADI) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is provided for computing surface current distributions of some complex PEC and dielectric composite structures illuminated by an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP). The techniques for introducing into an incident plane wave, updating the iteration equations at the connecting boundaries according to the total and scattered fields, and computing the surface currents are all implemented into the leapfrog ADI-FDTD algorithm. Some numerical results are given to show the predicted surface current distribution of an aircraft model illuminated by an IEMP with different incident directions and polarizations, and good agreement is obtained in comparison with those of the commercial software CST and FEKO. I. INTRODUCTIONThe finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used for studying many EMC problems in the past two decades [1]- [3]. However, we have to indicate that the conventional FDTD method, based on the explicit difference algorithm, is constrained by the Courant Friedrich Levy (CFL) condition. To overcome this problem, alternatelydirection-implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method has been developed which is unconditional stable [4].[5], but it employs one split time-step scheme where mid time-step computations are required. As a result, the required memory and CPU time are more than those of the conventional FDTD method. Recently, one-step leap-frog ADI-FDTD method has been proposed, which is different from the original ADI-FDTD one [6], with no sub-time step needed. Under such circumstances, its computational efficiency can be improved greatly [7].As we compute the surface current distribution of a 3-D structure with the incident wave direction and polarization known, its total field and scattered field (TF/SF) technique can be used [1]. In this paper, we integrate the TF/SF technique with the leapfrog ADI-FDTD method. On the other hand, a set of modified equations at the connection boundaries are also proposed, and its effectiveness is proved by some numerical tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved leapfrog ADI-FDTD method for computing surface current distributions of complex structures in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP)

Wang

2012

2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility

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“…For problems that require highly nonuniform grids or small numerical cell sizes, the ADI-FDTD method can significantly reduce computational time by using a relatively large time-step while not sacrificing modeling accuracy (e.g., in biomedical applications [3], [4]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although nonuniform grids have been applied to the conventional ADI-based methods [3], [4], they have not been incorporated or implemented in the newly proposed leapfrog ADI-FDTD method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Modeling of Open Structures Using Nonuniform Leapfrog ADI-FDTD

Jolani

Chen

2011

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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The perfectly matched layer (PML) using the split-field formulation has been implemented in a recently developed leapfrog alternating-direction-implicit finite-difference time-domain method (leapfrog ADI-FDTD) for efficient modeling of open structures. To further enhance computational efficiency and modeling accuracy, a nonuniform numerical grid is incorporated in the proposed formulations. Numerical simulations of a 2-D TE wave in an open region and an electromagnetic band-gap -power splitter are performed to verify the implementation with the PML. The results show that with the proposed method, CPU time savings can be up to 50% of that of a conventional ADI-FDTD. Index Terms-Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method, leapfrog alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) method, perfectly matched layer (PML).

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Conformal FDTD method for simulating the interaction of an EMP with multiple PEC/dielectric wedge structures

Xie

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2016

2016 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC)

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Computation of Induced Current Densities in the Human Body at Low Frequencies Due to Contact Electrodes Using the ADI-FDTD Method

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

An improved leapfrog ADI-FDTD method for computing surface current distributions of complex structures in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP)

An improved leapfrog ADI-FDTD method for computing surface current distributions of complex structures in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP)

Efficient Modeling of Open Structures Using Nonuniform Leapfrog ADI-FDTD

Conformal FDTD method for simulating the interaction of an EMP with multiple PEC/dielectric wedge structures

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