Marital discordance is known to be associated with morbidity and mortality in chronically ill patients, but its correlates have yet to be fully addressed in renal recipients. The aim of this study was to assess marital relationship and its correlation with patients' morbidity after kidney transplantation. Ninety-three married Iranian kidney recipients who had undergone kidney transplantation in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were assessed for marital adjustment with the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). The patients' quality of life (Short From-36), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and sexual relationship (Relationship and Sexuality Scale) were also evaluated. Eighty-seven subjects (93.5%) completed our study. The mean (SD) of RDAS was 52.9 (9.7). RDAS score showed a significant correlation with anxiety symptoms, frequency of intercourse and quality of life (p < 0.05). Also, RDAS score was poorer in recipients with low education level, low family income and positive history of graft rejection (p < 0.05). RDAS score was not significantly associated with gender, occupation, age at transplantation time, transplant-to-rejection time interval, source of graft, cause and duration of end-stage renal disease and depression (p > 0.05). Transplantation medical teams should refer patients to psychologists and/or psychiatrists for marital satisfaction consultation before kidney transplantation. This is of great significance especially in those with older ages, lower levels of education and lower income. Marital discord may also be considered as a cause or an effect of an unsatisfactory sexual relationship, higher anxiety or lower quality of life after kidney transplantation.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding risperidone to the general behavioral treatment of masturbation in children 3-7 years old.Methods:A 4 week randomized clinical controlled trial was designed in year 2009. Samples have been chosen from children who have been referred to the Child and Adolescence Psychiatric Clinic of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Ninety children were recruited at the study and randomly allocated into the risperidone and control groups (44 and 46 respectively). The risperidone group was medicated simultaneously by behavioral treatments and 0.25-1 mg of risperidone daily while the controls only received the behavioral treatments.Findings:The mean ± SD age of the risperidone and control groups was 5.3 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 1.1 years, respectively. The mean ± SD of the period of suffering from masturbation was 3.4 ± 1.2 and 3.8 ± 1.7 months in the risperidone and the control groups, respectively. At the beginning of the study, the mean frequency of masturbation in control and the risperidone groups was 2.6 ± 0.9 and 2.7 ± 0.9 times/day, whereas after the 4th week, it decreased to 1.4 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.5 times/day, respectively. The results showed a more reduction in the mean frequency of masturbation in the risperidone group significantly.Conclusion:In comparison to the general behavioral treatment, risperidone in addition to the behavioral treatment will probably reduce the frequency of masturbation in children more effectively.

Background:Dementia as a major cognitive neurological disorder is defined as impairment in one or more cognitive territories compared with the former level of performance. This disorder disrupts patient's independence, and the patient would need others aid in order of doing daily and complex activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Rosa damascena extract in the improvement of cognitive function in patients with dementia.Methods:This study is a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 40 patients older than 55 years with dementia referred to Specialized Elderly Patients Clinic in 2015–2016. Patients were divided randomly into two groups (control and intervention). The intervention group used donepezil and R. damascena capsules, and in control group, placebo capsule instead of R. damascena added on donepezil. Four test was filled three times at the study initiation, after month one and also after month three: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) were used for cognition evaluation, for depression assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale was administered, and checklist of memory and behavioral disorders were filled.Results:The results showed add-on donepezil and R. damascena versus placebo improved cognitive impairment based on MMSE with P = 0.002, ACE-R with total P = 0.001, depression (P = 0.012), behavioral disorders (P < 0.001), and daily activity (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The R. damascena extract affected cognitive impairment of dementia patients significantly and also have significant effects on improving depression and behavioral problems.

BackgroundSchizophrenia requires a large share of medical resources due to its early onset and chronic and severe nature. Compliance therapy is a therapy specifically designed to improve concordance with treatment for those with major mental illnesses. The aim of present study was to determine whether compliance therapy improves drug adherence and consequently makes better global functioning and improves quality of life in schizophrenic patients.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial study was done in Noor hospital in 2008-2009. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the intervention consisting of 8 sessions of compliance therapy, or the control treatment consisting of an equal number of sessions of supportive counseling. All patients were evaluated by Heinrichs Quality of Life scale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) at baseline, third month and sixth month follow-up after intervention.Results76 schizophrenic patients who met criteria of study were enrolled in the trial. Our data showed a significant main effect for interaction of group and time for GAF scale, Heinrichs Quality of Life scale and PANSS.ConclusionsThe findings of our study showed that compliance therapy can improve not only global functioning but also quality of life in schizophrenic patients. In addition, PNASS was improved during the six months follow up in compliance therapy group.

Background:Major neurocognitive disorder (MCD) is an acquired progressive decline in cognitive abilities that causes a drop in specific acquired performance compared to former performances. We tried to investigate the efficacy of herbal combination of sedge, saffron, and Astragalus honey on cognitive and depression score of patients with MCD.Materials and Methods:It was a randomized double-blind clinical trial conducted on sixty patients with MCD, who referred to the geriatric psychiatry clinic of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. All the study participants had been using anti-MCD medications. Participants were randomized to receive a combination of sedge, saffron, and Astragalus honey in case group (n = 30) or placebo group for 8 weeks other than anti-MCD medications. Cognitive and depression scores were assessed using Addenbrook's Cognitive Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively, before intervention and at the 1st and 2nd months after intervention. The ANCOVA repeated-measure test was used to analyze the data using SPSS 20 software.Results:The Addenbrook's Cognitive Test score was 32.2 ± 26.5 in intervention and 22.1 ± 15.1 in control group before intervention (P = 0.074) and 38.8 ± 27.7 in intervention group and 22.6 ± 14.1 in control group in control group 1 month after intervention (P = 0.007). In addition, Geriatric Depression Scale score was 14.6 ± 7.9 in intervention group and 14.5 ± 6.9 in control group before intervention (P = 0.945) and 12.9 ± 6.9 in intervention and 14.3 ± 7.1 in control group 1 month after intervention (P = 0.465) and 12.2 ± 6.5 in intervention group and 14.4 ± 7.1 in control group 2 month after intervention (P = 0.224).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that adding the herbal combination of sedge, saffron, and Astragalus honey to the current protocols of treatment of MCD patients could be useful in the improvement of cognitive and depression score of these patients.

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Introduction:Family psychoeducation is one of the most routine interventions in a schizophrenic patients’ management. We evaluated the effects of a needs-assessment-based educational program in comparison with the current program on global function and quality of life (QOL) of the patients and their families.Materials and Methods:In this controlled study, 60 schizophrenia patients and their families were allocated for a needs-assessment-based psychoeducation (treatment) and current education (control) programs. The family members of both the groups participated in 10 sessions of education, within about six months. The patients’ global function and QOL were assessed with the global assessment of function (GAF) and the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scales (SQLS), respectively. The families’ QOL was assessed with the World Health Organization's (WHO) Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Assessments were done at the beginning and then every six months, for a total of 18 months.Results:Forty-two cases completed the study. Global function was improved with the treatment (P = 0.002), but not in the control group (P = 0.601). The patients’ quality of life in the treatment group showed significant improvement on the psychosocial (P < 0.01) and symptoms/side effects subscale scores (P < 0.01), but not on the energy subscale score (P > 0.1). There was no significant change in the family's quality of life in both groups.Conclusions:The family psychoeducational needs assessment may lead to more improvement in schizophrenic patients’ global function and quality of life, but has no significant effect on their families’ quality of life. It is recommended that the psychiatric care centers develop their psychoeducation profiles based on the needs-assessment program.

Schizophrenia is the Leading psychotic disorder. It is a severe disease that involves social and interpersonal relationship of affected person and cause severe loss of function; that why many researchers wanted to know its etiologic factors. In this research, we wanted to reveal the relationship of paternal age to schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study was done on 240 patients of schizophrenia and 400 control person without any psychiatric and organic disorders. The average of paternal age at birth in schizophrenic group was 33.9±8.4 years and that of control group was 32.7±8.3 years (P = 0.04). In this study we concluded that the average of paternal age birth in schizophrenic patients was significantly higher than age of control group. This significancy show that schizophrenia, at least in part, is related to new mutations that originate in male germ cells. And this result can change our strategies to find the genetically etiology of schizophrenia and shows that father,s age no loss than mother's contributes variably to the risk of a suboptimal reproductive outcome.