Marital discordance is known to be associated with morbidity and mortality in chronically ill patients, but its correlates have yet to be fully addressed in renal recipients. The aim of this study was to assess marital relationship and its correlation with patients' morbidity after kidney transplantation. Ninety-three married Iranian kidney recipients who had undergone kidney transplantation in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were assessed for marital adjustment with the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). The patients' quality of life (Short From-36), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and sexual relationship (Relationship and Sexuality Scale) were also evaluated. Eighty-seven subjects (93.5%) completed our study. The mean (SD) of RDAS was 52.9 (9.7). RDAS score showed a significant correlation with anxiety symptoms, frequency of intercourse and quality of life (p < 0.05). Also, RDAS score was poorer in recipients with low education level, low family income and positive history of graft rejection (p < 0.05). RDAS score was not significantly associated with gender, occupation, age at transplantation time, transplant-to-rejection time interval, source of graft, cause and duration of end-stage renal disease and depression (p > 0.05). Transplantation medical teams should refer patients to psychologists and/or psychiatrists for marital satisfaction consultation before kidney transplantation. This is of great significance especially in those with older ages, lower levels of education and lower income. Marital discord may also be considered as a cause or an effect of an unsatisfactory sexual relationship, higher anxiety or lower quality of life after kidney transplantation.

Background:Dementia as a major cognitive neurological disorder is defined as impairment in one or more cognitive territories compared with the former level of performance. This disorder disrupts patient's independence, and the patient would need others aid in order of doing daily and complex activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Rosa damascena extract in the improvement of cognitive function in patients with dementia.Methods:This study is a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 40 patients older than 55 years with dementia referred to Specialized Elderly Patients Clinic in 2015–2016. Patients were divided randomly into two groups (control and intervention). The intervention group used donepezil and R. damascena capsules, and in control group, placebo capsule instead of R. damascena added on donepezil. Four test was filled three times at the study initiation, after month one and also after month three: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) were used for cognition evaluation, for depression assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale was administered, and checklist of memory and behavioral disorders were filled.Results:The results showed add-on donepezil and R. damascena versus placebo improved cognitive impairment based on MMSE with P = 0.002, ACE-R with total P = 0.001, depression (P = 0.012), behavioral disorders (P < 0.001), and daily activity (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The R. damascena extract affected cognitive impairment of dementia patients significantly and also have significant effects on improving depression and behavioral problems.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding risperidone to the general behavioral treatment of masturbation in children 3-7 years old.Methods:A 4 week randomized clinical controlled trial was designed in year 2009. Samples have been chosen from children who have been referred to the Child and Adolescence Psychiatric Clinic of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Ninety children were recruited at the study and randomly allocated into the risperidone and control groups (44 and 46 respectively). The risperidone group was medicated simultaneously by behavioral treatments and 0.25-1 mg of risperidone daily while the controls only received the behavioral treatments.Findings:The mean ± SD age of the risperidone and control groups was 5.3 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 1.1 years, respectively. The mean ± SD of the period of suffering from masturbation was 3.4 ± 1.2 and 3.8 ± 1.7 months in the risperidone and the control groups, respectively. At the beginning of the study, the mean frequency of masturbation in control and the risperidone groups was 2.6 ± 0.9 and 2.7 ± 0.9 times/day, whereas after the 4th week, it decreased to 1.4 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.5 times/day, respectively. The results showed a more reduction in the mean frequency of masturbation in the risperidone group significantly.Conclusion:In comparison to the general behavioral treatment, risperidone in addition to the behavioral treatment will probably reduce the frequency of masturbation in children more effectively.

Background:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a recent increase in prevalence. A timely appropriate treatment for the disorder may play a crucial role in improvements in behaviors, interactions, and communications in an individual's life. It appears that evaluation of therapeutic approaches to the patients is essential and of importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of memantine as adjunct therapy in children with ASD.Materials and Methods:This randomized single-blind clinical trial included 60 children with ASD aged <14. The children undergoing applied behavior analysis (ABA) were divided into two groups of placebo and memantine (5 mg/day: a half of tablet in the morning and a half in the evening). After a 3-month course, improvements in symptoms of ASD were evaluated in both groups based on Gilliam autism rating scale. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS (version 20) using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test.Results:Both groups were similar in baseline characteristics including age, gender, and ASD symptoms (P > 0.05) but post intervention, total scores of ASD symptoms in both groups of memantine (mean score1 =95.20 ± 14.49; mean score2=73.50 ± 9.81) and control group (mean scorebefore = 91.50 ± 14.35; mean scoreafter = 89.63 ± 13.95) showed a decrease which was only significant in intervention group (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Accordingly, memantine administration as adjunct therapy can be more effective in improvement of ASD symptoms in children than ABA alone. Thus, it can be considered as a new selective adjunct therapy.

BackgroundSchizophrenia requires a large share of medical resources due to its early onset and chronic and severe nature. Compliance therapy is a therapy specifically designed to improve concordance with treatment for those with major mental illnesses. The aim of present study was to determine whether compliance therapy improves drug adherence and consequently makes better global functioning and improves quality of life in schizophrenic patients.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial study was done in Noor hospital in 2008-2009. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the intervention consisting of 8 sessions of compliance therapy, or the control treatment consisting of an equal number of sessions of supportive counseling. All patients were evaluated by Heinrichs Quality of Life scale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) at baseline, third month and sixth month follow-up after intervention.Results76 schizophrenic patients who met criteria of study were enrolled in the trial. Our data showed a significant main effect for interaction of group and time for GAF scale, Heinrichs Quality of Life scale and PANSS.ConclusionsThe findings of our study showed that compliance therapy can improve not only global functioning but also quality of life in schizophrenic patients. In addition, PNASS was improved during the six months follow up in compliance therapy group.