Melanomas show a higher level of VEGF expression. Nodular and acral lentiginous types of melanoma show a high level of VEGF expression, while superficial spreading melanoma shows a lower level of VEGF expression. Melanomas in higher-stage disease (Breslow, Clark, pTNM) show a higher level of VEGF expression.
Introduction. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated skin disease. In addition to standard therapeutic modalities (antibiotics, cytostatics, phototherapy, photochemotherapy and retinoids), nonstandard methods can be used in the treatment of psoriasis. This includes balneotherapy which is most commonly used in combination with therapeutic resources. The aim of this research was to determine the length of remission of psoriasis in patients treated with standard therapeutic modalities, balneotherapy, and combined treatment (standard therapeutic modalities and balneotherapy). Material and Methods. The study analyzed 60 adult patients, of both sexes, with different clinical forms of psoriasis, who were divided into three groups according to the applied therapeutic modalities: the first group (treated with standard therapeutic modalities), the second group (treated with balneotherapy) and the third group (treated with combined therapystandard methods therapy and balneotherapy). The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was determined in first, third and sixth week of treatment for all patients. The following laboratory analysis were performed and monitored: C reactive protein, iron with total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity and ferritin, uric acid, rheumatoid factors and antibodies to streptolysin O in the first and sixth week of treatment. Results. The average length of remission in patients treated with standard therapeutic modalities and in those treated with balneotherapy was 1.77 ± 0.951 months and 1.79 ± 0.918 months, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of remission between the patients treated with combination therapy and patients treated with standard therapeutic modalities (p=0.019) and balneotherapy (p=0.032). Conclusion. The best results have been achieved when the combination therapy was administered. SažetakUvod. Psorijaza je hronična, inflamatorna, imunoposredovana kožna bolest. Pored standardnih terapijskih modaliteta (antibiotici, citostatici, fototerapija, fotohemoterapija i retinoidi), u terapiji se primenjuju i nestandardne terapijske metode kao balneoterapija, ali najčešće kombinacija više terapijskih sredstava. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi dužina remisije psorijaze kod pacijenata lečenih standardnim terapijskim modalitetima, balneoterapijom i kombinovanim lečenjem (standardnim terapijskim modalitetima i balneoterapijom). Materijal i metode. Analizirano je 60 odraslih pacijenata oba pola, obolelih od različitih kliničkih oblika psorijaze, podeljenih u tri grupe prema primenjenim terapijskim modalitetima: grupa I (lečena standardnim terapijskim modalitetima), grupa II (lečena balneoterapijom) i grupa III (lečena kombinovanim terapijskim modalitetima − standardnim metodama i balneoterapijom). Svim pacijentima smo određivali indeks procene težine psorijaze u 1, 3. i 6. nedelji lečenja. Pratili smo laboratorijske analize: C-reaktivni protein, gvožđe, ukupni kapacitet vezanog gvožđa, kapacitet vezivanja nezasićenog gvožđa, fe...
Kratak sadržajUvod. Nucleus ruber zauzima centralni dio retikularne formacije srednjeg mozga, od donjeg kraja gornjih kvržica srednjeg mozga do ventralnog talamusa. Vaskularizuju ga grane P 1 i P 2 segmenta arteriae cerebri posterior, arteriae communicans posterior i arteriae choroidea anterior. Ciljevi rada su kvantitativna analiza neurona i vaskularne mreže magnocelularnog dijela nucleus ruber-a, kao i ispitivanje uticaja starenja na parametre kvantitativne analize.Metode. Deset srednjih mozgova odraslih lica oba pola je nakon fiksacije u 10% rastvoru formalina ukalupljeno u parafinu. Zbog lokalizacije magnocelularnog dijela nucleus ruber-a, uzorci srednjih mozgova su presječeni u visini sredine gornjih kvržica srednjeg mozga i idući kaudalno pravljeni su semiserijski rezovi (1,5,10...50) debljine 4 µm, koji su bojeni Mallory metodom. Pomoću digitalne kamere slikano je intermitentno svako drugo vidno polje pod uvećanjem 400x, a dobijene fotografije su analizirane pomoću programa ImageJ, uz korišćenje testnog sistema A 100. Statistička analiza je obavljena uz upotrebu programa SPSS, uz nivo značajnosti razlike od 5%.Rezultati. Prosječne vrijednosti kvantitativnih parametara neurona su iznosile: volumenska gustina 0,018 mm 0 , površinska gustina 3,56 mm -1 i apsolutni broj po vidnom polju 35,39. Prosječna volumenska gustina vaskularne mreže magnocelularnog dijela nucleus ruber-a je 0,014 mm 0 , površinska gustina 4,19 mm -1 i dužinska gustina 90,82 mm -2 . Nije postojala korelacija između godina života i određivanih kvantitativnih parametara neurona i vaskularne mreže magnocelularnog dijela nucleus ruber-a.Zaključak. Ispitivani kvantitativni parametri neurona i vaskularne mreže magnocelularnog dijela nucleus ruber-a se smanjuju sa godinama života, ali smanjenje nije statistički značajno.
Sažetak. Neuroni ekstraokularnih motornih jedara (nucleus nervi oculomotorii principalis, nucleus nervi trochlearis et nucleus nervi abducentis) su zaobljeni multipolarni, rjeđe fuziformni ili ovalni motoneuroni, blijedog jedra i nepravilno raspoređenih Nisslovih tjelašaca. Cilj rada je da se odrede stereološki parametri neurona ekstraokularnih motornih jedara (volumenska i površinska gustina, i apsolutni broj po mm² površine). Istraživanje je obavljeno na 30 moždanih stabala čovjeka, oba pola, bez dijagnostikovanih neuroloških oboljenja, stratificiranim prikupljanjem uzoraka u transverzalnoj ravni. Semiserijski parafinski rezovi (debljine 0,3 µm) su bojeni Mallory metodom. Uz korišćenje mikroskopa na histološkim presjecima su identifikovana ekstraokularna motorna jedra i pomoću digitalne kamere slikano je intermitentno svako drugo vidno polje pod uvećanjem 400x. Dobijene slike su analizirane pomoću programa ImageJ, verzija 1.42e (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA) uz korišćenje testnog sistema A 100. Statistička analiza je obavljena uz upotrebu programa SPSS (verzija 16.0) uz nivo značajnosti razlike od 5%. Statistički značajna razlika (p<0,05) postojala je u volumenskoj i površinskoj gustini, i apsolutnom broju neurona po mm² površine između nc.nervi oculomotorii principalis i nc.nervi trochlearis. Između nc.nervi oculomotorii principalis i nc.nervi abducentis statistički značajna razlika postoji u volumenskoj gustini, dok se između nc.nervi trochlearis i nc.nervi abducentis razlika pronalazi u vrijednosti površinske gustine i apsolutnog broja neurona po mm² površine.
Melanocytic nevi represent a benign neoplastic proliferation of melanocytes. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in these proliferations is low in most cases; whereas an increased expression of this factor may be an indicator of pre-neoplastic changes in melanocyte lesions. We performed a semi-quantitative assessment of the level of vascular endothelial growth factor expression (score 0 to 3) on samples taken from 34 patients with benign melanocyte alterations of the skin. Melanocytic nevi showed an expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in 79.41% of the cases. The low level of expression (score 1) was seen in 70.59% cases. The results showed no statistically significant difference in the presence and level of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in relation to the following morphological parameters: histological type, a defect in the surface, density of inflammation infiltrate, mitotic index, growth phase and cell type.
In the semiquantitative evaluation, collagen type I expression in osteoarthritic menisci was significantly lower compared to macroscopically unchanged menisci. The decrease in the expression level correlates with the increase in the grade of macroscopic meniscal damage. There was no statistically significant difference in the quantitative evaluation of expression.
Background: Various factors can affect the survival of patients with laryngeal cancer (LC). In this retrospective study, we assessed clinicopathological features, their prognostic value, and treatment modalities for patients with confirmed squamous cell LC. Methods: We collected patient data on demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional control (LRC). We assessed survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model analyses of potential prognostic parameters. Results: After a median follow-up of 76 months, 28 (33.3%) patients had a recurrence. The median OS was 78 months, with an event recorded in 50% of patients. The DSS median was not reached (NR) with a survival rate of 72.6%, the DFS survival rate was 66.7% with median NR, and the LRC survival rate was 72.6% with median NR. After conducting a multivariate analysis of significant variables, we found that only recurrence and lymphatic invasion had an independent effect on OS and recurrence in DSS, while subsite impacted DFS and LRC. Conclusions: Survival trends were consistent with other studies, except for OS. Recurrence, lymphatic invasion, and subsite location were significant factors that impacted patient survival.
Sažetak. Nevusi su definisani kao benigne proliferacije melanocita, odnosno varijeteti hamartomskih i/ili neoplastičnih lezija u koži. Za razliku od melanomskih lezija, nevusi nakon određenog perioda rasta stagniraju, a potom involuiraju. Angiogeneza je neophodna, kako za početak, tako i za završetak procesa metastaziranja. Vaskularizacijom primarnog tumora počinje ekspanzivan rast, tumor dobija metastatski potencijal. Cilj rada je da se odrede stereološki parametri (volumenska, površinska i dužinska gustina) vaskularne mreže nevusa i okoline, te melanoma i peritumorskog područja na različitim anatomskim regijama. Istraživanje je obavljeno na 10 uzoraka benignih melanocitnih promjena (nevusi) i 10 malignih melanocitnih promjena (melanomi). Materijal dobijen biopsijom je fiksiran u 10% formalinu, a od uzoraka su pravljeni serijski rezovi. Vizuelizacija krvnih sudova je vršena Mallory metodom. Pomoću mikroskopa i digitalne kamere vršeno je fotografisanje uzoraka. Dobijene fotografije su obrađivane uz pomoć programa ImageJ, verzija 1.42e (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA) uz korištenje testnog sistema A 100. Statistička analiza je urađena uz korištenje programa SPSS, verzija 15.0. Statistički značajna razlika postoji u volumenskoj i dužinskoj gustini vaskularne mreže nevusa i okoline nevusa, te u dužinskoj gustini vaskularne mreže melanoma i peritumorskog područja.
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