Radioiodine is an effective and low-risk therapy modality in well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients post near-total thyroidectomy. Extra thyroidal tumors such as breast cancer are known to be able to uptake radioiodine. The aim of this study was to analyze the uptake, efflux and cytotoxicity of radioiodine for two molecular types of breast cancer cell lines. Two types of breast cancer cell lines were used in this study, MCF-7 (luminal A type) and SKBR3 (HER2 type). The HaCaT cell line was used as normal cells. Iodine-125 (I-125) was used to measured radioiodine uptake and efflux. Clonogenic assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of iodine-131 (I-131) based on the tested cell reproductive ability. The radioiodine uptake in SKBR3 cells was found to be higher than that of MCF-7 and HaCaT cells at p<0.05. The reproductive ability of MCF-7 cells are lower than SKBR3 cells at p<0.05. Both breast cancer cells have less reproduction ability than HaCaT cells at p<0.05. Both types of breast cancer cells present the ability to uptake radioiodine and show a high sensitivity to radioiodine exposure. Normal cells also demonstrate an ability to uptake radioiodine. However, they have a better tolerance to the amount of I-131 exposure. These findings could potentially lead to the use if I-131 for ablative therapy in breast cancer, similiar to its use in the treatment of thyroid cancer.

The two treatments did not have any significant differences in antioxidant activity. However, an increase of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2. and hydrogen peroxide which correlates with eGFR in the total sample may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.

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BACKGROUND: Iodine can reduce breast tumor progression by mediates an antiproliferative effect. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of iodine (I2), Lugol (I3K), and the combination of both on cell proliferation of three different types of breast cancer cell lines. METHODS: The samples were MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB 213 cell lines. Cell proliferation rate was measured using colorimetric and clonogenic assays. RESULTS: The cell proliferation rate of MDA-MB 231 cells was reduced significantly by treatment I2, I3K, and combination of both with p = 0.046, p = 0.00, and p = 0.00, respectively. In MCF7 cells, I2 reduced the cell proliferation of 54–94% and I3K reduced the proliferation of 74–94%. The effectiveness of I3K treatments in slowing cell proliferation rate was dose-dependent. In SKBR3 cells, I2reduced proliferation cell up to 85% and I3K 4%-94% depending on the dose. Clonogenic assay results showed a discontinue of the cell proliferation by all doses of I2 and I3K (10 μM and 20 μM). CONCLUSION: Breast cancer cell lines, representing subtypes of luminal A, HER2+, and triple-negative, show an excellent response to iodine treatments and I3K response shows in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are needed to investigate the effective in vivo doses.

ABSTRAK STUDI AWAL ESTIMASI DOSIS INTERNAL 177Lu-DOTA TRASTUZUMAB PADA MANUSIA BERBASIS UJI BIODISTRIBUSI PADA MENCIT. Radiofarmaka baru untuk pengobatan penyakit kanker payudara tipe HER-2, 177Lu-DOTA Trastuzumab, telah berhasil diproduksi oleh Pusat Teknologi Radioisotop dan Radiofarmaka (PTRR) BATAN. Demi keamanan produk dan keselamatan pasien, radiofarmaka baru tersebut perlu dilengkapi dengan data studi dosis internal yang dilakukan setelah uji praklinis pada hewan coba selesai. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan estimasi dosis pada pasien yang dihitung berdasarkan data uji biodistribusi pada mencit. Studi Uji biodistribusi dilakukan pada 25 ekor mencit dan diamati biodistribusinya pada organ-organ, diantaranya otak, perut, usus, jantung , ginjal, hati, paru-paru, otot, tulang, limpa dan kandung kemih. Pengamatan cacahan organ dilakukan pada jam ke 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48 pasca injeksi radiofarmaka 177Lu DOTA-Trastuzumab sebesar 100mCi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari uji biodistribusi adalah % ID/gram organ tikus, kemudian dilakukan konversi perhitungan ke % ID/gram organ manusia. Untuk mengestimasi dosis ke manusia, hasil %ID/gram organ tersebut dipakai sebagai input pada software dosimetri internal OLINDA/EXM, dengan cara melakukan plotting %ID/gram versus waktu, yang akan menghasilkan residence time di masing-masing organ. Setelah residence time diperoleh, dosis internal radiasi pada masing-masing organ dan seluruh tubuh dapat diketahui. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tiga  organ yang memiliki dosis internal tertinggi 177Lu DOTA Trastuzumab adalah : paru-paru, hati dan ovarium dengan dosis masing-masing 0,063; 0,046 dan 0,025 mSv/MBq. Disimpulkan bahwa hasil estimasi dosis internal radiasi total yang diperoleh manusia pada penyuntikan radiofarmaka 177Lu-DOTA Trastuzumab adalah 0.21 mSv/MBq. ABSTRACT   INTERNAL DOSE ESTIMATION OF 177Lu-DOTA TRASTUZUMAB IN HUMAN BASED ON THE BIODISTRIBUTION DATA OF MICE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. A new radiopharmaceutical for treating Breast Cancer of HER-2 type, 177Lu DOTA-Trastuzumab, had been successfully produced by The Centre for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology-BATAN. With regard to the patient safety, the new drug development process need internal dosimetry data obtained of preclinical study in animal. Hence, this study has been objected to estimate the internal radiation dose in human by performing the biodistribution test in mice. In this study, the biodistribution test was done for 25 mice and sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48 hour after the injection of 177Lu DOTA-Trastuzumab. There were 11 organs, namely brain, stomach, intestine, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, muscle, bone, spleen, and urinary bladder, have been investigated by observing the uptake in each organ during the proposed time. The result of biodistribution test then were being calculated into injection dose per gram human organ (%ID/gr). To estimate the internal dose in human, the data of % ID/gram in human need to be plotted to calculate the residence time which will be need as the input for OLINDA/EXM, a tool for calculating internal dosimetry in Nuclear Medicine fields. As a result, three organs that have been estimated receiving the highest internal radiation dose due to the administration of 177Lu DOTA Trastuzumab are: lungs, liver, and ovaries at approximately 0,063; 0,046 and 0,025 mSv/MBq respectively. To conclude, the total internal dose in human reference model due to the administration of 177Lu-DOTA Trastuzumab has been estimated to be 0,21 mSv/MBq.

There are challenges related to cancer treatment, namely, targeting and biocompatibility associated with a drug vehicle. This research aims to prepare a theranostic cancer vehicle based on porous silica nanoparticles (PSN) with controllable nanoparticle size, supporting targeting properties, and biocompatible. The synthesis method combined the Stöber process and liquid crystal templating using a dispersant and pore expander. Triethanolamine (TEA) and Pluronic F-127 were combined as a steric stabilizer and dispersing agent, while n -hexane was used as a pore expander. The amine functionalization was carried out using the 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane solution. Furthermore, radiolabeling of PSN using Iodine-131 and iodogen as oxidizing agents was carried out. The results showed that the best achievable PSN size was 100–150 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.24 using TEA-Pluronic F-127. The functionalization results did not significantly affect the radioiodination result. Radiochemical purity (RCP) values up to 95% were obtained in the radioiodination, while the labeled compounds were relatively stable with 12 mCi radioactivity, indicating the absence of radiolysis. The synthesized PSN was not toxic to normal cell samples up to a concentration of 150 μg/mL for PSN and 170 μg/mL for PSN-NH 2 . The cellular uptake testing results of the PSN- 131 I in cancer cell samples showed promising uptake ability.

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