An Iodine Treatments Effect on Cell Proliferation Rates of Breast Cancer Cell Lines; In Vitro Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Iodine can reduce breast tumor progression by mediates an antiproliferative effect. 
 AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of iodine (I2), Lugol (I3K), and the combination of both on cell proliferation of three different types of breast cancer cell lines.
 METHODS: The samples were MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB 213 cell lines. Cell proliferation rate was measured using colorimetric and clonogenic assays.
 RESULTS: The cell proliferation rate of MDA-MB 231 cells was reduced significantly by treatment I2, I3K, and combination of both with p = 0.046, p = 0.00, and p = 0.00, respectively. In MCF7 cells, I2 reduced the cell proliferation of 54–94% and I3K reduced the proliferation of 74–94%. The effectiveness of I3K treatments in slowing cell proliferation rate was dose-dependent. In SKBR3 cells, I2reduced proliferation cell up to 85% and I3K 4%-94% depending on the dose. Clonogenic assay results showed a discontinue of the cell proliferation by all doses of I2 and I3K (10 μM and 20 μM). 
 CONCLUSION: Breast cancer cell lines, representing subtypes of luminal A, HER2+, and triple-negative, show an excellent response to iodine treatments and I3K response shows in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are needed to investigate the effective in vivo doses.

The Potential of Iodine as A Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review

“…In previous studies, iodine has shown an Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50) in the low micromolar range, marking its potential to be developed as a new anticancer drug. However, the dose should certainly be lowered again, as lower doses will help reduce the appearance of unwanted side effects (Elliyanti et al, 2020). Iodine turns out to have an important role in influencing the biological process in breast cancer, because the consumption of large amounts of iodine will help cure breast cancer gradually.…”

“…NIS protein expression can be detected in breast cancer cells with varying degrees in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. It transports iodine into the cell, and it be suggested as a new adjuvant treatment for breast cancer (Elliyanti et al, 2016, Elliyanti et al,2020. Improving iodine intake in cancer patients will potentially reduce the likelihood of tumor progression so that the body needs to meet daily iodine requirements (Winder et al, 2022).…”

Radioiodine for Graves’ Disease Therapy

“…NIS is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains 13 membrane-spanning segments and three N-linked carbohydrates. It resides in the basolateral membrane of epithelial thyroid cells [16][17][18][19][20]. Besides the thyroid cell, NIS is expressed by extra-thyroid tissues [20].…”