it is hypothesized that chronic kidney disease (cKD) induces oxidant stress which contributes to the decline in kidney function. However, few studies have incorporated longitudinal designs and no studies have investigated this association among children. Using data from the chronic Kidney Disease in children (cKiD) study, we examined longitudinal associations between urinary biomarkers of oxidant stress, 8-OH deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and F2-isoprostane, and measures of renal function and blood pressure among children with CKD. Baseline levels of 8-OHdG were positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time and a log-unit increase in baseline 8-OHdG predicted a 5.68 ml/min/1.73 m 2 increase in eGFR (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.75, 7.61). This association was attenuated when longitudinal measures of 8-OHdG were analyzed in relation to longitudinal eGFR (per log-unit increase in 8-OHdG, β = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.39). Baseline 8-OHdG concentrations were also associated with decreased proteinuria over time, as measured by urinary protein:creatinine ratio. In addition, F2-isoprostane concentrations were associated with increases in eGFR, but only when baseline levels (vs. longitudinal levels) were considered in relation to longitudinal eGFR. There were no significant associations between either 8-OHdG or F2-isoprostane and blood pressure over time. Urinary measures of oxidant stress are not associated with worsening GFR over time. Our findings suggest that excretion of these biomarkers may be influenced by changes in glomerular and tubular function in varying patterns, which would limit their value in evaluating the impact of oxidant stress on cKD progression in children.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that ultimately leads to loss of kidney function and a need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), either dialysis or transplant 1 . CKD is common in the US, affecting 11% of adults 2,3 , and is projected to increase over time 4 . Although substantially less common in children, it is associated with substantial adverse sequelae specific to this age group, such as growth impairment, cognitive deficits, and cardiovascular complications 5,6 .Several factors have been shown to affect the rate of decline in kidney function among those with CKD 7 . Mechanistically, it has been widely hypothesized that oxidant stress accelerates kidney function decline 8-10 . This can arise within the glomeruli or the tubulointerstitium, in the later compartment secondary to increased tubular workload and oxygen consumption 11,12 . An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses disturbs cell signaling and promotes injury to the kidneys, limits cellular repair mechanisms, and accelerates functional decline. In several cross-sectional studies, plasma levels of oxidant stress have been found to be associated with advanced stages of CKD [13][14][15] . Further evidence in support of this relationship is limited by a lack of longitudinal studies examining both...