Objective:The study was designed to determine the hyperlipidemia in breast cancer of patients at disease presentation, without any treatment and to correlate these variations with disease stage.Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted at Liaquat National teaching hospital in Karachi from 2006 to 2011, Age and family history of 208 breast cancer patients with infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma were compared with 176 matched control subjects. Married females were selected, with children and short breast feeding period. Cancer stage I-III was considered for the study and patients were grouped on the basis of Tumor grade, Tumor size, lymph node metastasis and disease free survival. Disease staging was based on tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Biochemical estimations included variations in random blood glucose level and lipid profile.Results:Lipid profile and random blood glucose level were found significantly high (p<0.05) compared to control subjects. Hyperlipidemia was significantly high in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. On increase in tumor grade I to II, increase in total cholesterol (4%), LDL-cholesterol 23% and 11% increase in triglycerides was observed. On Tumor size increase from ≤2 to 2.5cm, increase observed in blood random glucose level was (4%), total cholesterol (1.7%) triglycerides (2%) and LDL (3%) whereas HDL was (2%) low. These variations remain insignificant on further increase in tumor size and grade.Conclusion:Study suggests that variation in lipid profile and blood random glucose level is associated with disease stage. No independent correlation of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia was developed with disease free survival.

The primary objective of this study was to determine post-treatment variations in the hematological profile of stage 2 breast cancer patients and investigate the influence of disease stage and treatment pattern on these changes. The secondary objective was to evaluate the role of post-treatment hemoglobin as a predictor of disease-free survival. MethodsThis prospective, observational study included 177 stage 2, female, breast cancer patients. Treatment included surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal (antiestrogen) therapy. Patients were divided into treatment groups based on their histopathological features. Laboratory investigations, including hemoglobin and complete blood count, were carried out twice, first, at the initial cancer diagnosis and, second, eight weeks after completion of radiotherapy. The patients were followed for a period of four years and their disease-free survival was calculated.

Objective: To study the effect of breast cancer treatment on liver enzymes indiabetic and cardiac breast cancer females. Study Design: Cross-sectional type of study.Setting: Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Period: January 2008 to January 2010. Patientsand Methods: Total 47 breast cancer patients. Out of these, 22 were diabetic and 25 werecardiac patients, visiting the oncology OPD of the hospital. Patients with metastasis to distantorgans were excluded from the study. Treatment was carried under the supervision of anoncologist. Samples were collected twice during the study. First sample was collected at diseasepresentation before starting any type of treatment and second time, sample was collected14 weeks after the last chemotherapy dose. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed usingstatistical package (SPSS version 11.0). “Students t-test”and analysis of variance (ANOVA) wasused to analyze the means and standard deviations of quantitative/continuous variables. Inall statistical analysis p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In all patient groups aftertreatment alkaline phosphatase was significantly high as compared to that before treatment(p<0.05) whereas alanine transaminase increased significantly without including Tamoxifenin the treatment. Variation pattern of liver enzyme was the same in both patient groups.Conclusions: Altered profile of liver enzyme was similar in both patient groups therefor thevariations cannot be attributed to hyperglycemia in diabetic females and the alterations in liverenzymes were attributed to liver damage by chemotherapy and fatty infiltration of liver inducedby Tamoxifen.

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus has been observed to be related with low thiamine levels in the body, as it affects directly on carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, this study was intended to assessdemographic characteristics and serum thiamine levels in type I and type II diabetic patients and healthy control group. Methodology: This was a case-control study carried out in diabetic outpatient department (OPD) of Urban Health Center and New Karachi, Hospital. The duration of the study was about six months after approval of synopsis. The study sample included 90 participants and divided into three groups, 30 participants each in the control, type I diabetes and type II diabetes groups. Patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus of both genders with age < 25 to > 46 years were included in the study. One Way ANOVA was applied to find out the significance of differences among the groups. Results: The study results showed that out of 90 participants, 33(36.7%) were males and 57(63.3%) were females; 1(1.1%) of them had low thiamine level, 17(18.9%) had normal thiamine level whereas 72(80.0%) had high thiamine level. It was observed that significant association found between thiamine levels and age groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, 18(60.0%) had Low/Normal thiamine level and 12(40.0%) had high thiamine level in type I diabetes patients while 30(100%) in control group and Type II Diabetic patients had high thiamine level with significant association between them (p<0.001). On the other hand, an insignificant association was found between gender and low and high thiamine levels (p=0.743). Conclusion: This study concluded that both the age and group types were significantly associated with thiamine levels of the participants. Furthermore, type I Diabetes patients had significantly lower thiamine levels as compared to type II Diabetes and controls. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship of gender with thiamine levels.