ABSTRACT… Objective: To observe the absolute, relative weight of kidney and body weight of albino rats on celecoxib induced kidney with protection by lycopene. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted in BMSI (Anatomy department), JPMC, Karachi, from 4 th May 2015 to 3 rd June 2015. Materials and Methods: Forty healthy adult, male Albino rats, 90-120 days old, weighing 200-220gm was taken for the study. The rats were divided into 4 groups, Group A was control group, Group B receive Celecoxib 50 mg/kg body weight orally, Group C receive Celecoxib 50 mg/kg body weight orally along with lycopene50 mg/kg body weight orally and Group D receive lycopene 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 30 days. At the end of study rats were sacrificed and renal tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Markedly decreased weight was observed in rats taking celecoxib. Slides which were stained with hematoxylin and eosinshowed general architecture of renal parenchyma, shape and arrangement of epithelial cells. Apoptosis, hemorrhage, necrosis and vacuolation seen in Celecoxib group, whereas renal architecture were ameliorated and reverted back in celecoxib along with lycopene receiving group. Conclusion: This study concludes that lycopene restored the body weight, absolute and relative kidney weight in celecoxib treated group. Key words:Lycopene, Apoptosis, Celecoxib. Article Citation: Sundus S, Qamar N, Adil R, Fahim MF. Celecoxib; Pathological effect on body weight, absolute and relative weight of kidney with protection by lycopene in albino rats; an experimental study. Professional Med J 2018;25(1):50-57.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the disturbances in the levels of mineral in the body due to hemodialysis at different levels of parathormone levels and to assess its association with the calcium levels.Methods: Study was a cross sectional for the period of 6 months taking ethical approval. Total 255 cases were registered in this study after taking their informed consent. The cases were divided into three groups according to PTH level. Group 1 has 87 subjects with PTH level <250, group 2 has 102 subjects with PTH level 250-650 and group 3 has 66 cases with PTH level >650. The cases were taking hemodialysis for greater than 6 months and have the ages more than 18 years were included in this study. The demographic data includes age, sex dialysis related data like duration of hemodialysis, levels of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, PTH, ALP were observed.Results: Hemodialysis duration were recorded in respective three groups as 7.28±5.71, 6.26±5.56 and 6.15±4.30 days respectively (P=0.319). Calcium was found in group 1, 8.70±0.81, in group 2, 8.39±0.89 and in group 3, 8.76±0.82 (P=0.01). PTH level in three respective group were recorded to be 123.46±74.15, 418.47±115.49 and 1314.67±1188.63 (P <0.001).Conclusions: Present study showed that significant difference was found in mineral levels in patients on hemodialysis with PTH level as well as with alkaline phosphatase level. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found with duration of dialysis and with parameter of albumin.
Objective: Diabetes Mellitus has been observed to be related with low thiamine levels in the body, as it affects directly on carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, this study was intended to assessdemographic characteristics and serum thiamine levels in type I and type II diabetic patients and healthy control group. Methodology: This was a case-control study carried out in diabetic outpatient department (OPD) of Urban Health Center and New Karachi, Hospital. The duration of the study was about six months after approval of synopsis. The study sample included 90 participants and divided into three groups, 30 participants each in the control, type I diabetes and type II diabetes groups. Patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus of both genders with age < 25 to > 46 years were included in the study. One Way ANOVA was applied to find out the significance of differences among the groups. Results: The study results showed that out of 90 participants, 33(36.7%) were males and 57(63.3%) were females; 1(1.1%) of them had low thiamine level, 17(18.9%) had normal thiamine level whereas 72(80.0%) had high thiamine level. It was observed that significant association found between thiamine levels and age groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, 18(60.0%) had Low/Normal thiamine level and 12(40.0%) had high thiamine level in type I diabetes patients while 30(100%) in control group and Type II Diabetic patients had high thiamine level with significant association between them (p<0.001). On the other hand, an insignificant association was found between gender and low and high thiamine levels (p=0.743). Conclusion: This study concluded that both the age and group types were significantly associated with thiamine levels of the participants. Furthermore, type I Diabetes patients had significantly lower thiamine levels as compared to type II Diabetes and controls. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship of gender with thiamine levels.
Aim To study the comparative effect of acetaminophen with aqueous Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta Indica) and vitamin E mediated liver toxicity on the basis of liver enzymes. Methods: A total of sixty (60) Wistar rats of either sex were divided equally into four groups. Each groupwas made up of 15 animals. Group A was the control group. Animals in Group B were treated with a single oral dose of 2 mg / kg b / w Paracetamol. Group C animals with 500 mg / kg b / w oral Neem extract for 15 days with oral administration of 2 mg / kg b / w oral Paracetamol. In Group D, animals received the same dose of Paracetamol and 100 mg / kg b / w intra-peritoneal vitamin E for 15 days, respectively. The liver enzymes ALT,AST, and ALP were then evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 with level of significance being kept at p-value ≤0.05 Results: In the 4 groups, The ALT values were 22.8 (Group A), 100 (Group B), 29.11 (Group C), and 31.16 U/L (Group D). The AST values were 25 (Group A), 40 (Group B), 20 (Group C), and 15 (Group D) U/L. The ALP values were 220 (Group A), 445 (Group B), 242 (Group C), and 244 (Group D) U/L. There was significant increase in liver enzymes were found in Group B after induction of Paracetamol toxicity, however, hepatoprotective effects could be seen in the intervention Group C and D Conclusion: Azadirachta Indica and Vitamin E showed hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar rats that were subjected to Paracetamol Key words: Azadirachta Indicaleaf extract, Vitamin E, Paracetamol, Wistar rats
Background: Tuberculosis is the public health disease of Pakistan. Liver is the site of metabolism for most of the antituberculosis drugs and these agents harm the liver, resulting into elevated liver enzymes following inflammation (hepatitis). Isoniazid (INH) is often being used in experimental studies in animal models for induction of liver injury. Objective: To assess the hepatoprotective effects of the Co-enzyme Q-10 in rat model with Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity. Methodology: A total of 50 Rats of Albino Wistar category were divided in 5 equal groups (A, B, C, D and E) randomly. Group A (control) was kept on normal diet without any intervention whereas group B (experimental negative control) was given INH 100 mg/day for induction of hepatitis. Groups C was administered an oral dose of INH as 100mg+CoQ 100mg/day. The group D rats were given INH 150+ Q-10 100mg/day similarly rats in group E were administered INH 200mg+CoQ 100mg/day. Samples of blood were obtained by scarifying rats at the end of study (1month) LFTs for each group were done, comparing different groups on ANOVA using SPSS 22 version. Results: There was significant difference in serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, GGT and bilirubin levels between various animal groups. The p-value was 0.00 for serum ALT, p-value was 0.000 for serum AST levels while for the difference in serum LDH p-value was 0.000, for serum ALP the p-value was 0.000, whereas p-value was 0. 000 for serum gamma GT levels and the p-value was 0.000 for serum bilirubin levels among the various animal groups that was highly significant statistically. Conclusion: Co-enzyme Q-10 improved INH induced changes in liver functions and histology.
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