Aim: To evaluate the effect of age on the relationship between hypertension and its clinical signs and symptoms. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Shahida Islam Medical Complex hospital, Lodhran. A total of 304 patients with history of hypertension and taking anti-hypertensive medication were included in the study. Each patient’s demographic profile and hypertension related clinical signs and symptoms were recorded through interview, using a structured questionnaire whereas their blood pressure levels were measured by using a sphygmomanometer with stethoscope on upper arm. The patients were categorized into three age groups, I. II and III each between 18 to 35, 36 to 55 and 56 years or above age respectively. Results: The predicted outcome of the study revealsthat among subjects aged up to 35 years only palpitation was notablylinked with systolic hypertension while only shortness of breath was notablyrelated with diastolic hypertension; among subjects between 36 to 55 years of age, smoking history, sleep apnea and palpitation were markedlylinked with systolic hypertension but only sleep apnea was considerablyrelated with diastolic hypertension while among patients aged 56 years or above, headache, vertigo. whereas both headache and palpitation were considerablyrelated with diastolic hypertension. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of hypertension tend to increase with advancing age of the patients. Keywords: Age Groups, Hypertension, Signs and Symptoms
Aim: To determine the differences in-between hematological and ultrasonography findings of acute cholecystitis (AC) among middle-aged versus elderly patients. Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out after ethical approval. Patients diagnosed as case of acute cholecystitis was included and patients without findings consistent with acute cholecystitis or with pancreatitic gall stones, co-existing hepato-biliary or intestinal malignancy or with autoimmune biliary disease were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups, one being patients between 30 to 59 years and other group 60 and above year olds. Results: From total of 153 patients included, 87 patients were between 30 and 59 years (middle aged) while 66 patients were 60 years and older (elderly). In both the groups, higher ratios of females persisted (p-0.03). A significant differences between the values were observed only in WBC count (p-0.005) and CRP levels (p<0.001) between middle aged and older age group while all other laboratory variables were found to have an insignificant difference between both the groups. Conclusion: WBC count and CRP level which were observed to be higher among older age patients, compared with middle aged patients. Such alterations in older aged patients ought to be considered when deciding treatment protocols which will have major influence on the prognosis. Keywords: Acute Cholecystitis, C-reactive protein, Systemic Inflammatory Response, Aging Physiology
Aim To study the comparative effect of acetaminophen with aqueous Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta Indica) and vitamin E mediated liver toxicity on the basis of liver enzymes. Methods: A total of sixty (60) Wistar rats of either sex were divided equally into four groups. Each groupwas made up of 15 animals. Group A was the control group. Animals in Group B were treated with a single oral dose of 2 mg / kg b / w Paracetamol. Group C animals with 500 mg / kg b / w oral Neem extract for 15 days with oral administration of 2 mg / kg b / w oral Paracetamol. In Group D, animals received the same dose of Paracetamol and 100 mg / kg b / w intra-peritoneal vitamin E for 15 days, respectively. The liver enzymes ALT,AST, and ALP were then evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 with level of significance being kept at p-value ≤0.05 Results: In the 4 groups, The ALT values were 22.8 (Group A), 100 (Group B), 29.11 (Group C), and 31.16 U/L (Group D). The AST values were 25 (Group A), 40 (Group B), 20 (Group C), and 15 (Group D) U/L. The ALP values were 220 (Group A), 445 (Group B), 242 (Group C), and 244 (Group D) U/L. There was significant increase in liver enzymes were found in Group B after induction of Paracetamol toxicity, however, hepatoprotective effects could be seen in the intervention Group C and D Conclusion: Azadirachta Indica and Vitamin E showed hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar rats that were subjected to Paracetamol Key words: Azadirachta Indicaleaf extract, Vitamin E, Paracetamol, Wistar rats
Objectives: Evaluate the antioxidant effects of Virgin Coconut Oil and Corn Oil in Phenytoin induced toxicity of seminiferous tubules in rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Period: November 2019 to May 2020. Material & Methods: 48 male albino rats (weighing between 150-250gms) were selected based on a randomized sampling technique and divided into four groups, 12 rats per group and euthanized on the 4th, 5th, and 6th week of the study. Group A control, B was given Phenytoin, C received phenytoin +virgin coconut oil, and D received Phenytoin + corn oil once daily for six weeks. The sample of sperm was taken from epididymal fluid and counted by using the Neubauer chamber. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Mean values were compared through the application of One way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. P-value was considered significant <0.05. Results: In Group B, there was a significant decrease in spermatozoa count due to Phenytoin induced toxicity. At the same time, there was a considerable restoration in the number of spermatozoa in group C compared to D. Conclusion: In Group B, there was a significant decrease in spermatozoa count due to Phenytoin induced toxicity of seminiferous tubules, and those animals received the virgin coconut oil along with phenytoin help in the restoration of numbers of spermatozoa as compared to group D. Virgin coconut oil showed significant antioxidant role in comparison with corn oil.
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