Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in patients attending the outpatient department. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Observational study. Setting: Department of Oral and Medicine DUHS. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: A total of three hundred and eighty five (385) patients were enrolled in the study. Detailed history and thorough intra and extra oral examination of each patient were done. Results: The overall prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be 58.7%. The most frequent oral mucosal lesions were reported as white with 58% of all soft tissue lesions, while the most common site was observed as buccal mucosa with 58% of all sites. As far as texture was concerned, soft texture (47%) was recorded as most frequent. Conclusion: Early detection and identification of oral mucosal lesions is crucial, especially in a population where multifaceted tobacco consumption, oral precancerous and cancerous lesions are reported as one of the highest in the world. The high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, as reported in our study and their potential for malignant transformation necessitates extensive soft tissue examination of the oral cavity, in adjunct to routine dental checkup.
Objective: To study the effect of breast cancer treatment on liver enzymes indiabetic and cardiac breast cancer females. Study Design: Cross-sectional type of study.Setting: Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Period: January 2008 to January 2010. Patientsand Methods: Total 47 breast cancer patients. Out of these, 22 were diabetic and 25 werecardiac patients, visiting the oncology OPD of the hospital. Patients with metastasis to distantorgans were excluded from the study. Treatment was carried under the supervision of anoncologist. Samples were collected twice during the study. First sample was collected at diseasepresentation before starting any type of treatment and second time, sample was collected14 weeks after the last chemotherapy dose. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed usingstatistical package (SPSS version 11.0). “Students t-test”and analysis of variance (ANOVA) wasused to analyze the means and standard deviations of quantitative/continuous variables. Inall statistical analysis p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In all patient groups aftertreatment alkaline phosphatase was significantly high as compared to that before treatment(p<0.05) whereas alanine transaminase increased significantly without including Tamoxifenin the treatment. Variation pattern of liver enzyme was the same in both patient groups.Conclusions: Altered profile of liver enzyme was similar in both patient groups therefor thevariations cannot be attributed to hyperglycemia in diabetic females and the alterations in liverenzymes were attributed to liver damage by chemotherapy and fatty infiltration of liver inducedby Tamoxifen.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives are: (1) to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding infection control protocols and (2) to identify the factor(s) that might influence the implementation of these protocols amongst dental professionals in all three dental campuses of a public sector university, Karachi. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the three dental campuses of a public sector university, Karachi, for a period of three months from February to April 2019. The study participants consisted of dental and paradental professionals treating patients. A self-administered, structured, validated questionnaire was distributed among 285 participants, out of which 268 participants correctly filled and submitted back the questionnaire. Frequency distribution and Chi square test were performed. RESULTS: Campus A, covering areas of Mehmoodabad town, Karachi comprising 63 participants; Campus B, covering areas of Saddar town, Karachi comprising 68 participants; and Campus C, covering areas of Gulshan and Johar, Karachi comprising 129 participants, respectively. Statistically significant association was found between eyewear utilization among the designation of the practitioner, dental departments and dental campuses. Correspondingly, significant association was observed between awareness regarding needle stick injury protocol implementation with designation of the practitioner and dental campuses. Likewise, a significant association was found between utilization of rubber dams for maintenance of isolation with the age and designation of the practitioner, dental departments and dental campuses. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the shortcomings of infection control protocol implementation in three dental campuses of a premier healthcare university of Pakistan. The results of this study may be utilized provincially and nationally for the construction and effective implementation of infection control policies. KEYWORDS: AIDS, Disinfection, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Needle stick injury.
Objectives: To assess the outcome of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in reducing the serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in type 2 diabetic patients taking anti-diabetic drug metformin. Study Design: An Observational study. Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro in collaboration with Sindh Institute of Endocrinology & Diabetes (SIED) Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: December 2017 to May 2018. Material and Methods: We carried out this study on 140 patients. Diagnosed patients of type 2 DM With duration more than 5 years, age between 35 to 60 years, HbA1c equal to or more than 6.0%, and diabetic patients which were on metformin and had vitamin D deficiency (level less than 30ng/ml) were included in the study. Results: Total 140 type 2 diabetic patients were taken in study. At baseline, in Group B, mean HbA1c ± SD was 7.92±1.54 while at 3 months intervention, in Group B, mean HbA1c ± SD was 7.18±1.53. No significant difference in HbA1c between Group A and B at baseline and after three months of intervention (P value = 0.46). The mean value of vitamin D before supplementation was 16.23±3.45 vs 28.96±5.25 after 3 months supplementation. There was a significant increase in 25 (OH) D levels after vitamin D supplementation after 3 months. (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D did not show any effect on blood sugar control in our patients with type 2 DM.
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