Objective:The study was designed to determine the hyperlipidemia in breast cancer of patients at disease presentation, without any treatment and to correlate these variations with disease stage.Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted at Liaquat National teaching hospital in Karachi from 2006 to 2011, Age and family history of 208 breast cancer patients with infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma were compared with 176 matched control subjects. Married females were selected, with children and short breast feeding period. Cancer stage I-III was considered for the study and patients were grouped on the basis of Tumor grade, Tumor size, lymph node metastasis and disease free survival. Disease staging was based on tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Biochemical estimations included variations in random blood glucose level and lipid profile.Results:Lipid profile and random blood glucose level were found significantly high (p<0.05) compared to control subjects. Hyperlipidemia was significantly high in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. On increase in tumor grade I to II, increase in total cholesterol (4%), LDL-cholesterol 23% and 11% increase in triglycerides was observed. On Tumor size increase from ≤2 to 2.5cm, increase observed in blood random glucose level was (4%), total cholesterol (1.7%) triglycerides (2%) and LDL (3%) whereas HDL was (2%) low. These variations remain insignificant on further increase in tumor size and grade.Conclusion:Study suggests that variation in lipid profile and blood random glucose level is associated with disease stage. No independent correlation of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia was developed with disease free survival.
SUMMARYThree South-Asian rodent pest species were tested for susceptibility to anticoagulant rodenticides. Wheat flour containing 0-025 % warfarin, 0 0375 % coumatetralyl or 0-005 %cdifenacoum was fed to 260 Tatera indica, 140 Nesokia indica and 81 Bandicota bengalensis for 1-56 days. Tatera was about as susceptible to anticoagulants as Rattus rattus has been reported to be. Nesokia and Bandicota were extremely variable: though the majority were highly susceptible, the slopes ofthe dose-mortality curves were close to zero. The difenacoum diet appeared to be more toxic than the warfarin diet to all three species, but less toxic than the coumatetralyl diet to Tatera and Nesokia. All ofthe anticoagulants were eventually lethal to all of the animals tested.
The prevalence incidence and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of buffalos, goats, dogs, donkeys and chickens were studied during present indigestion.The highest infection of Staphylococcus aureus was found in wound samples of buffalos (70.00%). as compared to goat, (33%), dog, (3%) donkey (40%) and chicken, (46.66%) respectively. The overall pure samples with Staphylococcus auerus from the animals was recorded as 39.13% while mixed infection was observed as 34.78%. The shape of Staphylococcus auerus isolated from buffalos, goat, and chicken were cocci, spherical, round in shape and characterized as G+ve. The Staphylococcus auerus isolated from all the animals were non-motile. It is concluded that highest infections of Staphylococcus aureus was found in buffalo (70.00%), whereas highest number of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial specie was observed as compared to other bacterial species.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.