Mosquito is one of insects spreading the vector of serious diseases to human being through its bite such as Culex which spreads the vector of filariasis and brain inflammatory diseases. Some people have used plants as insecticides traditionally, such as fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.). D. esculentum (Retz.) Sw. popularly known as edible fern which almost all Asian people, especially Indonesian consumed it as vegetable, and some people also used it for medicinal purposes. This study was performed to investigate the secondary metabolites from D. esculentum leaves and its larvicidal activity against Culex. The phytochemical screening was undertaken on the leaves and methanol extract of D. esculentum, the results showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and tannins on leaves, while methanol extract exhibited existence of steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Investigation of larvicidal activity of methanol extract was carried out against Culex larvaes for various concentrations which observed for 48 hours. Percentage of mortality was analyzed statistically using Bill Test method that showed active larvicidal activity with a LC50 value of 149.279 ppm. This study indicates that fern plant have the potential as larvicidal against Culex and need to perform the further research to develop the new natural insecticides.
Temurui ( Murraya koenigii [Linn.] Spreng) is a local plant of Aceh. The leaves of M. koenigii are used in most of the local foods as spices. Nowadays, cancer is claimed as the second deadly disease in the world where the number of sufferers increases every year. Cervical cancer (HeLa) is one of the most dominant cancers that happen in developing country, including Indonesia. Some chemotherapeutic agents using synthetic drugs have been used to treat cancer, but they are relatively expensive and cause poisoning that limits their use. Based on literatures, M. koenigii serves the potential secondary metabolites that could be developed as anticancer agent. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity from three extracts of M. koenigii leaves against HeLa cell line, including hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Methodology used included extraction process, phytochemical screening, and cytotoxicity evaluation. The result showed that all the three extracts demonstrated a potent cytotoxic activity for HeLa cancer cells. Hexane and ethyl acetate showed a very strong cytotoxic effect with CD 50 values <1 μg/mL, whereas methanol extract showed cytotoxic effect with CD 50 value of 2.25 μg/mL. These results prove the potential of M. koenigii as an anticancer agent.
Cell damage mediated by free radicals is one of the main causes of many dangerous diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, rheumatism, cataracts, aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, Parkinson, Alzheimer and neurodegenerative diseases. The prevention of dangerous diseases caused by free radicals can be done by developing raw materials for natural antioxidant drugs that can reduce free radicals by giving one of their electrons to produce neutral molecules that are not harmful to the human body, such as fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.). D. esculentum collected from Aceh was extracted in methanol. The antioxidant activity of this extract was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. The result showed very good activity of the DPPH antiradical efficiency of methanol extract of D. esculentum with IC50 values of 123.958 ppm. Based on phytochemical screening, D. esculentum contained polyphenol compounds that have good activity as antioxidant. This result indicated that D. esculentum has potential as antioxidant and can be applied in the development of new medicines.
Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) banyak ditemukan di dalam hutan hujan tropika yang memiliki sekitar 1.260 spesies. Tumbuhan ini merupakan salah satu objek utama yang penting bagi para ilmuan untuk pengobatan infeksi dan kanker. Selain itu, daun ketepeng cina juga mempunyai peranan yang sangat besar dalam bidang kesehatan karena menghasilkan zat-zat kimia yang memiliki kegunaan yang potensial dalam pengobatan hepatitis, ganguan kulit, penyakit kuning, dan eksema. Namun, tumbuhan ini sudah sangat jarang digunakan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga tanaman ini sering sekali dibasmi oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder pada daun segar dan daun kering Ketepeng Cina (C. alata L.) yang diambil dari kecamatan Birem Bayeun kabupaten Aceh Timur. Pada daun segar menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, fenol dan dan tanin. Sedangkan pada daun kering menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, fenol dan tanin.
The purpose of this research is to find a lupeol acetate from Artocarpus camansi fruit peel. Ethyl acetate extract of A. camansi fruit peel was obtained by maceration process. After the process of fractionation, it results 3 subfractions (A, B, and C). The subfraction B was rechromatographed and yielded B2 2 pure isolate. Based on data from proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform–infrared, and mass spectrometry (MS from gas chromatography-MS), the B2 2 isolate was suspected as lupeol acetate compound (in this study, the presence of lupeol acetate in the A. camansi fruit peel has been reported for the first time).
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