PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE FERN (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) EXTRACT AGAINST Culex

Abstract

Mosquito is one of insects spreading the vector of serious diseases to human being through its bite such as Culex which spreads the vector of filariasis and brain inflammatory diseases. Some people have used plants as insecticides traditionally, such as fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.). D. esculentum (Retz.) Sw. popularly known as edible fern which almost all Asian people, especially Indonesian consumed it as vegetable, and some people also used it for medicinal purposes. This study was performed to investigate the secondary metabolites from D. esculentum leaves and its larvicidal activity against Culex. The phytochemical screening was undertaken on the leaves and methanol extract of D. esculentum, the results showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and tannins on leaves, while methanol extract exhibited existence of steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Investigation of larvicidal activity of methanol extract was carried out against Culex larvaes for various concentrations which observed for 48 hours. Percentage of mortality was analyzed statistically using Bill Test method that showed active larvicidal activity with a LC50 value of 149.279 ppm. This study indicates that fern plant have the potential as larvicidal against Culex and need to perform the further research to develop the new natural insecticides.

Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Overview of the Himalayan Ferns

“…Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, fats, and oils in different solvent systems [2,35,46,50,60,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”

A comprehensive review on the pharmacological properties of Diplazium esculentum, an edible fern

“…The third or fourth instar of Culex larvaes was used to determine the larvicidal activity. An LC50 value of 149.279 ppm indicated that the methanolic extract of D. esculentum is a potent larvicidal agent Halimatussakdiah et al, 2018). The crude ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of D. esculentum was evaluated against the third instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus, and found to have potential larvicidal effect.…”

Analisa Kandungan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.) dari Bireum Bayeun, Aceh Timur

“…Berdasarkan beberapa literatur tersebut, dilakukan analisa kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder ekstrak daun ketepeng Cina (C. alata L.) yang diambil dari kecamatan Bireum Bayeun, kabupaten Aceh Timur. [24].…”

“…Apabila terbentuk busa stabil selama 30 menit, hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya saponin, jika positif untuk saponin, larutan dihidrolisis dengan HCl dan diuji dengan pereaksi Liberman-Bourchard. Warna hijau atau biru menunjukkan adanya saponin steroid dan warna ungu atau merah menunjukkan adanya saponin terpenoid [24].…”

“…Ekstrak metanol pekat dipartisi dengan n-heksana. Residu diekstraksi dengan 10 mL etanol 80%, kemudian ditambahkan 0,5 mg serbuk magnesium dan HCl 0,5 M. Warna merah muda atau ungu menunjukkan adanya flavonoid [24].…”