Istifadah N, Pratama N, Taqwim S, Sunarto T. 2018. Effects of bacterial endophytes from potato roots and tubers on potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Biodiversitas 19: 47-51. Bacterial endophytes are bacteria that inhabit plant tissues without causing any diseases. The endophytes existence may have negative, neutral, or positive effects on the host plants. This paper discusses the effects of bacterial endophytes isolated from potato roots and tubers on potato growth and their abilities to suppress potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. The bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots and tubers of potatoes obtained from six plantation areas in West Java. The endophyte isolates were examined for their effects on potato growth. The non-pathogenic isolates were tested for their abilities to suppress G. rostochiensis in vitro and in potato plants. The results showed that from 88 bacterial endophyte isolates obtained, 13 isolates caused rot in potato seed pieces, 22 isolates inhibited the potato growth, while, 2 isolates increased the growth, and as many as 51 isolates did not influence the growth. The in vitro test using the isolate culture filtrate revealed that there were seven isolates that caused mortality of G. rostochiensis juvenile-2 by 67.5-97.7%. These isolates, however, were not effective in damaging the nematode eggs. In the greenhouse experiment, the bacterial endophyte isolates suppressed the number of cysts by 51.7-65.4% and that of the juvenile-2 of G. rostochiensis by 48.6-76.4%.
In vitro method to fasten availability high quality soybean seedsSoybean is an important crop as a source of food and its demand has increased every year. Several new varieties of soybean have been generated, but the number is still limited. Furthermore, the infestation of pests and infection of diseases have also limited the new soybean varieties production as it increase the risk of growth failure. Therefore, methods to fasten the availability of high quality of soybean seeds need to be developed. One of which can be done through in vitro culture method. The objective of this study was to obtain the best type and the best concentration of cytokinin for the growth of soybean explants in vitro. The experiment was conducted in Seed Technology and Tissue Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with 13 treatments and four replications. The basic media used were Murashige and Skoog (MS) + Vitamin B5 with addition of BAP (1.0 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, and 2.0 mg/l), Kinetin (0.5 mg/l, 1.0 mg/l, and 1.5 mg/l), TDZ (0.01 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, and 1.0 mg/l), and coconut water (10%, 15%, and 20%). The result showed that cytokinin types and concentrations gave different effect to soybean explant growth. The best treatment was demonstrated by BAP at the concentration of 1.5 mg/l as shown by the highest percentage of leaves and the number of shoots. However, it did not affect the percentage of buds produced by explant and the percentage of callus produced by explant.Keyword : BAP, Kinetin, TDZ, Coconut water, Soybean.AbstrakKedelai merupakan komoditas yang memegang peranan penting. Permintaan akan kedelai meningkat setiap tahunnya. Varietas kedelai baru yang bersifat unggul sudah banyak dihasilkan, namun jumlahnya masih terbatas. Tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit saat perbanyakkan benih di lapangan menyebabkan tingginya resiko kegagalan dalam pertumbuhan varietas baru tersebut. Sehingga perlu dilakukan percepatan penyediaan benih sumber varietas unggul di laboratorium secara in vitro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan eksplan kedelai in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga belas perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah Murashige dan Skoog (MS) + Vitamin B5 dengan penambahan BAP (1,0 mg/l; 1,5 mg/l; 2,0 mg/l), Kinetin (0,5 mg/l; 1,0 mg/l; 1,5 mg/l), TDZ (0,01 mg/l; 0,1 mg/l; 1,0 mg/l), dan air kelapa (10%; 15%; 20%). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada BAP dengankonsentrasi 1,5 mg/l yang ditunjukkan dengan tingginya persentase jumlah daun dan tunas yang terbentuk. Akan tetapi, penambahan sitokinin tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap persentase eksplan dalam membentuk tunas dan persentase eksplan dalam membentuk kalus.Kata Kunci : BAP, Kinetin, TDZ, Air Kelapa, Kedelai
Crocidolomia pavonana is one of the important pest in Brassicaceae family. The used of botanical pesticides such as neem and clove can be used as alternative control for C. pavonana. This study aimed to examine the effect of neem oil, clove oil, and its mixture to C. pavonana. This experiment was conducted from November 2019 to May 2020 at the Laboratory Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental method used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 21 treatments, i.e control, neem oil, clove oil, and its mixture at concentrations of 0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5%, and 1%, each treatments was replicated 3 times. The result of this experiment showed that single or mixed treatments (Neem : Clove) at consentration of 1% caused 100% larvae mortality. Mixed treatment at ratio 1:1 could inhibits the formation of pupa and imago, and could prolong the development time of larvae in instar II-III and instar II-IV. In addition, mixed treatment at ratio 2:1 was also prolong the development time of larvae in instar II-pupa, reduce food consumption, inhibit the formation of imago, and reduce the number of eggs C. pavonana.
Penyakit layu fusarium merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya tanaman tomat. Salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan yang banyak dikembangkan adalah pengendalian secara biologi (biokontrol). Artikel ini membahas penelitian yang menguji waktu aplikasi dan dosis kompos plus (formulasi campuran jamur antagonis Trychoderma sp., paecilomyces fumosoroseus, dan jamur endofit Papulaspora sp. dalam kompos) yang efektif menekan penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman tomat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompos plus yang diaplikasikan pada medium persemaian (1:2, v/v) dan pindah tanam sebanyak 30 g atau 40 g per lubang tanam atau diaplikasikan pada saat pindah tanam saja sebanyak 40 g per lubang tanam, dapat menekan gejala internal penyakit layu fusarium sebesar 77,3 — 87,9%.
Agronomy innovation to increase soybean productivity were spacing management and giberelin application. This study aims to obtain the right plant spacing and the right concentration so increase growth and yield. The experiment was conducted from July to October 2017 at the Ciparanje Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, with altitude of ± 780 m above sea level. It used randomized block design with factorial treatment and three replications. The first factor was plant spacing that consisted of 3 levels: spacing 25 cm X 25 cm, spacing 15 cm X 15 cm X 40 cm and spacing 20 cm X 20 cm X 40 cm. The second factor was giberelin concentration that consisted of 3 levels: concentration of 150 ppm, 250 ppm, and 350 ppm. The experimental results showed that there were interaction between the spacing and the concentration of gibberellins on leaf area index and number of pods per plant. The spacing 20 cm X 20 cm X 40 cm gave best effect on number of grain, weight of grain, and harvest index. The giberelin concentration of 350 ppm has the best influence on the number of seeds per plant.
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