No abstract

Heart disease is a common occurrence in older patients in the civilized culture, and the rate is predicted to rise as the software advances. Patients with heart disease should be intended to eat a salt-free diet to lose adiposity. Diet is also critical for heart disease patients; those with nutrition deficits have a low deep prognosis. A growing body of research indicates a correlation between heart disease and a lack of micronutrients. Repairable heart disease has been linked to thiamine and selenium deficiency. Micronutrients and heart disease may, nevertheless, have a more moderate association, according to recent research. This article looks at studies that looked at micronutrient consumption, supplement effectiveness, and micronutrient ingestion in heart disease patients, with an emphasis on retinol, ascorbic acid, a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin B1, other B vitamins, cholecalciferol, folate, iron, and copper. Because aging is the leading cause of coronary heart disease, treatments intended to reduce down the aging process or improving life expectancy are distinctly different from their standards for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Altering risky life decisions which might relate to aging and coronary heart diseases, such as nicotine usage, obesity, and unique lifestyles, is increasingly become part of the quality of practice.

A non-ionic vesicle dependent on surfactants is a niosome. Niosomes are mainly formed as an excipient by non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol incorporation. Various excipients can also be used. Niosomes have a greater penetrating potential than previous emulsion preparations. There are various methods of manufacturing niosomes like thin film hydration, microfluidization, sonication, bubble method to name a few. The fact that niosomes are amphiphillic molecules makes them a flexible carrier of drugs, as both hydrophilic and lipophillic drugs can be trapped. Applications of niosomes in the pharmaceutical industry are many, some of the most important ones being as cosmoceuticals, gene delivery carriers, carriers for vaccine delivery and also in medical imaging. The main object of this review the appliance of niosome technology is employed to treat variety of diseases, niosome have good opportunity in research and beneficial for researcher and pharma industries. As niosome is stable and economical, niosome seems to be a well-preferred drug delivery mechanism over liposome.

After HIV, tuberculosis (TB) is the world's second most frequent disease. MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a major infectious disease that poses a considerable public health issue. Fixed-dose drug combination microspheres appear to be a better option for long-term, regulated medication therapy. The drugs could be given orally once a week to encourage patient compliance. For longterm pharmaceutical therapy, fixed-dose drug combination microspheres appear to be a superior option. Oral administration is the most common and favored mode of pharmaceutical administration. Drug release is modulated throughout the GI tract with oral controlled-release (CR) formulations. Swelling and expanding systems, floating systems, forms of the mucoadhesive systems of high-density dose, and magnetic systems have all been employed. The goal of this study is to develop rifampicin-floating microspheres that will increase gastric retention time. The influence of quercetin on in-vitro drug release has been looked. The efficiency of entrapment was determined to be 76.50 percent. After 8 hours, the percentage buoyancy was observed at 61.50.In gastric media, the microspheres produced displayed extended drug release, indicating that they could be employed for long-term anti-tubercular medicine delivery.

Cancer has been one of the deadliest diseases for several decades and there is no precise and standard treatment option available up to date. Statistical data indicate that cancer has been one of the principal reasons for mortality worldwide. Although most of the novel techniques assist in the acceleration of cancer research, the available anticancer therapy does not exhibit expected success rates. This is due to a lack of understanding about the root cause of the disease, which can be accomplished by studying different types of tumors and the effects of various anti-cancer agents on the tumors. These studies require various in vitro study models which can mimic real, in vivo cancers. Conventional experimental models such as animal models, two-dimensional (2D) cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are key models in cancer study but they have some shortcomings that are overcome by three-dimensional (3D), in-vitro tumor organoids derived from embryonic, induced pluripotent, or adult stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs, ASCs respectively). These organoid models closely recapitulate the original tumor present in vivo and thereby benefit in studying the development of cancer, efficacy, and safety of various anti-cancer agents, drug development, personalized therapy, low and high throughput screening. As a result, 3D organoids are becoming more successful experimental models over conventional 2D models. Therefore, this review emphasizes the effectiveness of organoid models in cancer study, their method of preparation, advantages and applications, drawbacks with solutions to address, followed by a brief outline on 4D organoids (assembloids), and future perspectives.

In recent years, the food and beverage industry in India has viewed children and teenagers as a most important market force. As a result, children and teenagers are now the target of intense and specialized food marketing and advertising efforts. The market for children's products and food is huge. Parents on the one hand have a hard time raising children the way they want to, while on the other hand, kids are being increasingly influenced by commercialism that often goes against what parents are trying to do. Food and drink marketing is a enormous and increasingly sophisticated industry and children are among its major targets. Advertisements and marketing of the food products on Television sets, the Internet and the mobile phones are being integrated with sponsorship agreements and product placement to maximize their impact.

Micelles have for decades been researched as carriers of drug delivery. Through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, their use can potentially result in high drug accumulation at the target site. Although micelles allow for a great depth of tissue penetration for the delivery of targeted drugs, they typically disintegrate into the body easily. Therefore, a challenge is continuous drug delivery from micellar nanocarriers. This article summarizes different main techniques and underlying concepts for the use of micellar nanocarriers for continuous drug delivery. Other competing delivery mechanisms, such as polymeric microparticles and nanoparticles, are contrasted. To form nanoscale micelles, amphiphilic molecules self-assemble in suitable liquid media. Prodrug application, drug polymer conjugates, novel polymers with low critical micellar concentration or reverse thermoresponsive nature, reverse micelles, multi-layer micelles with layer by layer assembly, polymeric films capable of forming micelles in vivo and micelle coats on a solid support are strategies for sustained release nanomicellar carriers. For sustained drug delivery, these new micellar systems are promising.

The possible applications of electrospun fibers in drug delivery systems (DDS) are critically examined in this study. Nanofibers are among the most desirable resources in some kind of a variety of scenarios due to their operational capabilities including valuable features for another young generation of resources in energy, climate, even wellness. Because of its possibility to synthesize polymers with specific functions like greater porous design electrospinning was already presented as the most effective technique for fabricating polymer-based nanostructures. Electrospinning has emerged with the most significant challenge for fabricating nanostructures with several advantageous properties which are helpful in a wide range of uses first from the atmosphere to biomedicine. The medicine delivering mechanisms depending upon nanofibers have made significant progress in terms of regulated and sustained release. This analysis summarizes significant advancements within the production of electrospun nanofibers-based rapidly dispersing dosage form using many fibers, therapeutic agents, including entrapment approaches, as an emphasis on mouth administration. The oral cavity became the most discussed mucous membrane location because it would be open or even simple to examine, whereas the others are difficult for the patient and difficult to determine in vivo, according to this study. The drug-loaded nanofibrous structures are described based on their main functions and also the areas for operation.