A simple, precise and economical spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Itopride hydrochloride in pharmaceutical bulk and tablet dosage form was developed and validated. Identification was carried out using a UVvisible double beam spectrophotometer detector with working wavelength at 258nm in 0.1N HCl medium. The method was validated with respect to its specificity, linearity range, accuracy, and precision in analytical media. Itopride hydrochloride show the maximum absorbance (λmax) at 258 nm, Regression analysis showed good correlation in the concentration range 5-100 mcg/ml and 96.80 to 106.84% recovery with relative standard deviation 0.293 to 3.98%. Statistical treatment of data reflects that the proposed method is precise, accurate and easily applicable for determination of Itopride hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical preparation.

The Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS), which have evolved as elements of the creation of innovative drug administrative systems, is the most important aspect of pharmaceutical dosage. The use of Transdermal patches has a systemic influence due to the penetration of the drug through the dermis. TDDS is also necessary due to its distinctive benefits. Sustained absorption, more constant plasma concentration, less first-pass metabolism, lower adverse outcomes, quick application, and the mouldability to cease medicines easily by clipping out the skin patches are some of the potential positives of transdermal pharmaceutical delivery. This method of drug delivery has many benefits over conventional oral and intravenous techniques. Ensure the fluid is released in a controlled manner with long-term treatment using drugs. As a result, numerous chemical and physical methods for developing transdermal patches are being investigated. The therapeutic application of first-generation transdermal delivery systems has steadily increased for the administration of tiny, lipophilic, low-dose medicines. Second-generation delivery systems that include chemical enhancers, non-cavitational ultrasound, and iontophoresis regulate administration rates in real-time. Third generation TDDS enhanced permeability of drugs through stratum corneum using microneedle, thermal ablation, microdermabrasion, electroporation and cavitational ultrasound technology. This review article explains how to make different types of transdermal patches. Multiple ways for measuring transdermal dosage and the progression of TDDS were also investigated.

Pharmaceutical companies have emphasized the controlled release of dosage forms such as solid formulation, semi-solid preparation, and topical preparation in the last ten years due to efficacy and patient acceptance. A transdermal drug delivery system is impossible for compounds whose final purpose is the skin. Common topical treatments have various drawbacks, such as a foul odour, greasiness, and skin irritation, as noted in case studies. In rare instances, many topical treatments do not reach the systemic circulation in sufficient concentrations. The latest formulation as a microsponge in fields of research overcomes this issue. Microsponges with a particle size of 10 to 25 microns in diameter have such a large amount of entrapment and release of multiple constituents in a single microsponges system. It is a new polymeric delivery system and sponge-like spherical particles with porous surfaces. External stimuli cause drug release in microsponge by (pH, temperature, and rubbing). Topical and oral delivery, are also possible with this method. In this review, the potential for oral, topical, antifungal, and other applications of the pharmaceutical ingredient to be entrapped in microsponges is discussed with it's limitations, benefits, and release mechanism. Also includes information on recent advancements and future prospects. A diverse variety of applications is preferred to develop medications with improved safety and efficacy. Cosmetics, over-the-counter skin care, sunscreens and prescription products are all utilized in microsponge drug delivery technology. Particle size, entrapment efficacy, true density, per cent drug content and dissolve tests, dissolution tests, compatibility studies and in-vitro study are carried out.

The possible applications of electrospun fibers in drug delivery systems (DDS) are critically examined in this study. Nanofibers are among the most desirable resources in some kind of a variety of scenarios due to their operational capabilities including valuable features for another young generation of resources in energy, climate, even wellness. Because of its possibility to synthesize polymers with specific functions like greater porous design electrospinning was already presented as the most effective technique for fabricating polymer-based nanostructures. Electrospinning has emerged with the most significant challenge for fabricating nanostructures with several advantageous properties which are helpful in a wide range of uses first from the atmosphere to biomedicine. The medicine delivering mechanisms depending upon nanofibers have made significant progress in terms of regulated and sustained release. This analysis summarizes significant advancements within the production of electrospun nanofibers-based rapidly dispersing dosage form using many fibers, therapeutic agents, including entrapment approaches, as an emphasis on mouth administration. The oral cavity became the most discussed mucous membrane location because it would be open or even simple to examine, whereas the others are difficult for the patient and difficult to determine in vivo, according to this study. The drug-loaded nanofibrous structures are described based on their main functions and also the areas for operation.  

Quantitatively measurements of chemical and biological drugs and their metabolites in the biological sample. This used in clinical and non-clinical studies. Non clinical including Pharmacokinetic and Toxic kinetic study, and clinical including Bioavailability, Bioequivalence study. This are play significant role and help in improvement in technology and analytical methods. Recent years have witnessed the introduction of several high- quality review articles into the literature covering various scientific and technical aspects of bioanalysis. Method validation and development use for the purpose of suitability of method for their intended purpose, this are important in Drug Discovery and Development. It including a validation parameters are Accuracy, Precision, Range, Calibration Curve, Recovery, Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantitation, Specificity, Selectivity and Stability, Ruggedness. This applicable in bio analysis, FDA and EMA guidelines. There are 3 main Extraction techniques used in sample preparation in bioanalysis is precipitation, liquid –liquid extraction, solid phase extraction. Detection of analyte by using hyphenated and chromatographic techniques like LC-MS/MS, HPLC, GC-MS. This LC-MS/MS is commonly used in a bioanalysis. This bio analysis study used in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical research purpose. Many challenges in pharmaceutical industry that fulfill by the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality.

Drug delivery key research aim is to support patients by designing clinically effective formulations. Drug delivery systems can enhance the treatment of a variety of diseases, including microbes’ infections, and cancers. Drug delivery systems preparation methods, on the other hand, remain difficult, particularly at the microscale. Some of the necessary criteria for speeding the transformation of drug delivery systems from a limited scale to an enormous scale include reducing batch-to-batch variance and increasing production volume. Gene-specific drug delivery system has a bright future as a preventive solution to severe diseases and has developed as an influential tool in recent years as a unique technology for disease management. Gene silencing, protein expression, or gene repair may be used to cure perhaps every illness with a gene-specific delivery system. The genetic material must be paired with a delivery additive to successfully transfer the nucleic acid payload to its target tissue. There are various non-viral and viral vectors involved along with the different mechanisms of gene entry into a cell which is discussed in this article. This review highlights that the gene-specific drug delivery system has vast scope in therapy and can prove advantageous over other therapies, because it includes several carriers and different methods of plasma membrane permeation. Very interestingly, it also includes various applications of the gene-specific drug delivery system in several diseases and recent trends in the Coronavirus vaccine.

Antipsychotic medications can help control the symptoms of schizophrenia. A variety of scientific and demographic factors show the capability to sway the selection of odd neuroleptic medications. Quetiapine Fumarate is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Disintegrating agents are materials that are commonly used in the formulation of tablets and hardshell capsules. Within a short period after administration, drugs should dissolve or disintegrate in the stomach. The most preferred decomposition agent in the making of tablets is starch. The primary purpose of this research was to create a reliable immediate-release tablet formulation of the antipsychotic Quetiapine. Tablets are popular due to their low cost, packaging, and shipping, as well as their greater stability and virtual tamper resistance. Orally administered tablets with a faster disintegration time have a shorter absorption time and higher bioavailability. The goal of the study is to create a stable and physically and chemically compatible generic formulation for treating schizophrenia, as well as a pharmaceutically equivalent instant release tablet for individuals with mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Recent work aimed to prepare nanosuspension of glimepiride by using antisolvent evaporation followed by sonication technique. As glimepiride belongs to BCS class II, thus it has less solubility and high permeability. Hence to enhance the solubility of glimepiride, it was formulated into nanosuspension. Different polymers were used to prepare stable nanosuspension by taking several trial batches. After getting the results from trial batches, the combination of Pluronic F68 and PEG 400 was selected for the preparation of glimepiride nanosuspension by using a 3 2 full factorial design. After evaluation of nine formulation batches, batch FG8 showed the highest %Entrapment efficiency of 85.3 ± 0.73 %. In comparison to other batches, the FG8 batch showed a percent total drug content of 96.40 ± 0.4 % which was the highest one. All batches of nanosuspension were evaluated for different parameters; in that batch, FG8 showed the minimum particle size of 177.1 ± 0.08 nm, low polydispersity index of 0.142 ± 0.01, and highest zeta potential of 33.0 mV respectively. In comparison to the release of pure drug glimepiride, an in-vitro dissolution study showed that batch FG8 had a maximum release of 97.6% at 60 minutes. The optimization was carried out mostly using a linear model. Following the study and collecting the ANOVA results, it was revealed that the FG8 batch was an optimized batch by using the combination of Pluronic F68 and PEG 400 a stable nanosuspension was formulated which enhanced the solubility followed by dissolution of pure glimepiride drug.