A non-ionic vesicle dependent on surfactants is a niosome. Niosomes are mainly formed as an excipient by non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol incorporation. Various excipients can also be used. Niosomes have a greater penetrating potential than previous emulsion preparations. There are various methods of manufacturing niosomes like thin film hydration, microfluidization, sonication, bubble method to name a few. The fact that niosomes are amphiphillic molecules makes them a flexible carrier of drugs, as both hydrophilic and lipophillic drugs can be trapped. Applications of niosomes in the pharmaceutical industry are many, some of the most important ones being as cosmoceuticals, gene delivery carriers, carriers for vaccine delivery and also in medical imaging. The main object of this review the appliance of niosome technology is employed to treat variety of diseases, niosome have good opportunity in research and beneficial for researcher and pharma industries. As niosome is stable and economical, niosome seems to be a well-preferred drug delivery mechanism over liposome.
Micelles have for decades been researched as carriers of drug delivery. Through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, their use can potentially result in high drug accumulation at the target site. Although micelles allow for a great depth of tissue penetration for the delivery of targeted drugs, they typically disintegrate into the body easily. Therefore, a challenge is continuous drug delivery from micellar nanocarriers. This article summarizes different main techniques and underlying concepts for the use of micellar nanocarriers for continuous drug delivery. Other competing delivery mechanisms, such as polymeric microparticles and nanoparticles, are contrasted. To form nanoscale micelles, amphiphilic molecules self-assemble in suitable liquid media. Prodrug application, drug polymer conjugates, novel polymers with low critical micellar concentration or reverse thermoresponsive nature, reverse micelles, multi-layer micelles with layer by layer assembly, polymeric films capable of forming micelles in vivo and micelle coats on a solid support are strategies for sustained release nanomicellar carriers. For sustained drug delivery, these new micellar systems are promising.
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