This study was conducted to examine testosterone concentrations its relationship with the scrotal circumference and physical characteristics of semen in aceh bulls. Semen samples were collected weekly from jugular vein of three aceh bulls aged 4-5 years old for 10 weeks. Testosterone concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Semens were collected by using artificial vagina and evaluated for physical characteristics namely ejaculatory volume, pH, and sperm motility, concentration, and abnormalities. Data were analyzed using correlation-regresion test. Testosterone concentrations showed a positive correlation with scrotal circumference (r = 0.799), number of sperm (r = 0.703), sperm motility (r = 0.857) and sperm abnormalities (r = -0,877). No correlation, however, was found between testosterone concentrations with semen volume (r = 0.038) and pH (r = 0.418). It can be concluded that testosterone concentrations correlated positively with scrotal circumference, numbers of sperm, sperm of motility and sperm of abnormality.

The objective of the present research was to find out the efficacy of Jatropha latex cream in the epithelialization phase of wound healing in mice skin. A total of 9 male mice aged 2-3 months old and the bodyweight of 25-40 g were divided into three treatment groups. Group A was given basic cream, group B was given Jatropha latex cream (10%), and group C was given sulfadiazine. The 2 cm incision wound was made in the paravertebral area. Wound therapy was carried out twice a day for 7 days. All quantitative data were measured using ANOVA then followed by the Duncan test. The number of angiogenesis on A, B, and C was 4.67±1.20; 12.78±2.52; and 11.33±2.33, while a number of fibroblasts were 179.56±12.69; 90.56±8.23; and 99.11±7.04, respectively. The average deposition of collagen was 1.46±0.12; 1.89±0.10; and 1.74±0.06, respectively. The statistical test showed that the number of angiogenesis, fibroblast, and deposition of collagen on group B was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to group A and showed no significant difference compared to group C (P>0.05). In conclusion, Jatropha latex cream (10%) able to accelerate the epithelialization phase of wound healing in mice skin.

Heat stress on broiler chickens has an impact on the value of feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, and abdominal fat content. These impacts can be reduced by administering plant extracts, such as salix plant extract. However, the effect of this plant extract on normal condition is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of salix extract to the value of feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, and abdominal fat content in chickens with heat stress and compared with chickens in normal conditions. This study used 30 samples of 21-day old broiler chickens. This research was conducted using a complete factorial randomized design with 2 x 3 treatment factors and 5 repetitions. The first factor consisted of two treatment conditions, namely heat stress (HS) and no heat stress (nHS), while the second factor consisted of three doses of salix extract treatment, dose 0 (ES-0), 50 (ES-50), and 100 (ES-100) mg/L of drinking water. Heat stress was conducted by increasing the temperature of the cage to 34 ± 1 °C for 4 hours per day. Salix extract was added in drinking water and given 2 hours before the temperature reached 34 ± 1 °C. Chickens without heat stress were kept in the cage at 25 ± 1 °C using air-condition (AC). Data were analyzed using two way ANOVA using SPSS 20. The results showed that administration of salix extract on heat stress chickens did not affect the FCR value and carcass weight, but had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on abdominal fat weight. Fat content in the abdominal was higher (P≤ 0.05) in chickens with heat stress and given salix extract than non heat stress.

Naturally, the fertility of Aceh cattle has declined and caused huge losses in the development of Aceh cow germplasm. Several genetic-based studies have been carried out in Aceh cattle, including characteristics of genetic diversity using microsatellite DNA and its relationship to body weight in Aceh cows, but there is no research on genomics that is closely related to fertility, especially fertility in aceh cows. Previous studies have revealed a correlation between fertility with the expression of several genes involved in spermatogeneses such as Protamines (PRM 1, 2, and 3) and Transition Nuclear Proteins (TNPS 1 and 2). This study aims to identify the PRM1 gene that plays an important role in spermatogenesis and the fertility status of Aceh cattle. This research was carried out using 10 Aceh cattle testes taken from slaughterhouses, followed by DNA isolation, amplification of the PRM1 gene, DNA sequencing, and DNA base sequence analysis. The result showed that the nucleotide sequences of aceh cattle PRM1 gene did not differ from the PRM1 gene from Bos taurus and Bos indicus in the GeneBank. Analysis of protein sequences showed that PRM1 in Aceh cattle sperm is rich in the amino acid arginine, which is 36.92%. From this study, it can be concluded that the PRM1 gene from Aceh cattle is identical to the PRM1 gene from Bos taurus and Bos indicus both at the DNA sequence level and at the protein sequence.

Background and Aim: Testis and epididymis are male reproductive organs that play an important role in spermatogenesis. These two organs are rich in the content of hormones and other molecules needed in the process of spermatogenesis which affect the quality of the spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination on testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and protamine 1 (PRM1) concentrations in the serum of male chicken. Materials and Methods: Twenty male chickens (broiler strain Cp707), aged 3 weeks and weighing 800-1000 g, were randomly divided into four different groups including a control group (T0) = injected with 1 ml normal saline and treatment groups: T1 = injected with 1 ml epididymis extract, T2 = injected with 1 ml testicular extract, and T3 = injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis + 1 ml testicular extract. The experiment was conducted for 13 days and at the end of the study (day 14), the chickens were sacrificed to obtain the serum. Furthermore, the concentrations of testosterone, PACAP, and PRM1 were then measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The concentrations of PACAP and PRM1 did not show a significant difference between treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) and control group (T0) (p>0.05). However, the concentration of testosterone showed a significantly higher difference in a group injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis and 1 ml testicular extracts (T3) compared to the control group (T0) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination did not affect the increase of PACAP and PRM1 concentration. However, a combination of these extracts significantly affects the increase of testosterone concentration in the serum of male chicken.

Background and Aim: Supplementation of AKBISprob (developed in a previous study) in feed can improve production efficiency and poultry health, especially laying hens. In addition, it can also increase cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in chicken intestines, but these bacteria are still unknown; thus, they need to be identified. This study aimed to identify cellulolytic LAB in the intestines of laying hens administered AKBISprob based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene analysis. Materials and Methods: The samples used in this study were 13 LAB isolates from the intestines of laying hens that were given AKBISprob 4%. Cellulolytic LAB DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. Results: From 10 cellulolytic LAB isolates with a clear zone of >6 mm, four were selected and their DNA was amplified with BaCF and UniB primers ∼1500 bp DNA fragments. Of these, the P31H62 isolate was genetically close to Enterococcus hirae strain 1-1X-16 with 92.90% maximum identity, the P33S52 isolate had homology with Enterococcus mundtii strain ZU 26 with 96.76% maximum identity, and the P33S62 isolate was closely related to E. hirae strain SJ3 with 72.96% maximum identity. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the cellulolytic LAB isolates P31H62 and P33S52 were in one cluster closely related to the genus Enterococcus. Conclusion: This study suggests that the isolates P31H62, P33S62, and P33S52 from the intestines of laying hens administered 4% AKBISprob are cellulolytic LAB belonging to the genus Enterococcus.

The administration of plant extracts to broilers may be a way to mitigate the effects of heat stress. The importance of AQP2 and HSP70 compounds in maintaining the homeostasis of the chicken body when it is subjected to heat stress is well established. This study aims to determine the effect of giving the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. on the immunohistochemical expression of AQP2 and HSP70 in exposed and unexposed broiler kidney tissue. This study used 36 samples of 28-day-old chicken kidneys. Chickens were kept in individual cages, provided with feed and drinking water ad libitum. The design used was a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replications: (a) chickens were reared in conditions exposed to heat (HS + 0); (b) chickens were reared in conditions exposed to heat and given Salix extract at a dose of 50 mg/L drinking water (HS + 50); (c) chickens were reared under heat-exposed conditions and given Salix extract at a dose of 100 mg/L drinking water (HS + 100); (d) chickens were reared in conditions without exposure to heat (n-HS + 0); (e) chickens were reared in conditions without exposure to heat and given Salix extract at a dose of 50 mg/L drinking water (nHS + 50); and (f) chickens were reared in conditions exposed without exposure to heat and given 100 mg/L drinking water (nHS + 100) of Salix extract. Salix extract was given for 24 hours and was renewed every 6 hours. The results showed that giving Salix extract 100 mg/L in drinking water to chickens exposed to heat (HS + 100) reduced the value of the H/L ratio. Giving Salix extract 50–100 mg/L in drinking water caused an upregulated AQP2 expression; on the other hand, it downregulated HSP-70 expression, in chicken kidney tubules both exposed to heat stress and nonexposed to heat stress. In conclusion, exposure to heat stress in broiler chickens and giving Salix extract can increase the formation of aquaporin 2 compounds and suppress the formation of HSP70.