Copper is one of the major heavy metal pollutants found in the aquatic environment. Therefore, it is important for determining the genes that play a key role in copper metabolism in aquatic organisms. This study, thus, aimed to identify a new copper-inducible gene in swordtail fish, Xiphophorus helleri. Using ACP-based RT-PCR coupled with RLM-RACE, we cloned Wap65, a mammalian homologue of hemopexin gene. The gene exhibits high identity at amino acid levels with the Wap65 gene of other fish species (42-68%) and mammalian hemopexin gene (35-37%). In addition, ten cysteine and two histidine residues are conserved in the swordtail fish Wap65 gene. These cysteine residues are vital for structural integrity, and histidine residues provide high binding affinity towards heme. As revealed by RT-PCR, the gene was upregulated in swordtail fish that were exposed to copper in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Therefore, the identification of Wap65, a mammalian homologue of hemopexin, as a new copper-inducible gene will provide greater insight into the role of this gene in copper metabolism.
This study aimed to determine the effect of seminal vesicle extract administration to increase the concentration and motility of spermatozoa and testosterone level of kacang goat. The experiment was arranged using a randomly completely block design (RCBD). Three kacang goats were used and each goat received three treatments namely P0 (2 mL of 0.9% NaCl), P1 (1.5 mL Capriglandin, PGF2α), and P2 (2 mL of seminal vesicle extract, EVS). Semen and blood were collected two days post-treatment to measure the concentration and motility of spermatozoa and testosterone level. Testosterone levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Duration between treatments was one week after semen collection. The result showed that the average spermatozoa concentration (x106) in P0; P1; and P2 respectively were 2,763.0±395.0; 2,060.00±678.2; and 2,387.0±442.7 (P>0.05), while the spermatozoa motility score in P0; P1; and P2 respectively were 3.7±1.1, 3.4±0.5, and 3.4±0.5 (P>0.05). The mean testosterone levels in P0, P1, and P2 respectively were 10.27±5.42, 18.51±19.46, and 29.57±12.96 ng/mL (P<0.05). It can be concluded that administration of EVS did not increase concentration and motility of spermatozoa but increased the level of testosterone in kacang goat.
Aim:The aim of this research was to determine the copro-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with repetitive 529 bp gene and to construct the phylogenetic tree of Toxoplasma oocyst from pet cats in Yogyakarta.Materials and Methods:9 of 132 pet cat samples which serologically positive for Toxoplasma were used in this research. To determine the copro-prevalence of T. gondii in pet cat, 10 g of feces samples taken from practitioners and household cats in Yogyakarta were used in the PCR method utilizing repetitive 529 bp gene sequences.Results:The result shows that copro-prevalence by PCR using repetitive 529 bp gene was 33.3% (3/9). The phylogenetic tree of Toxoplasma grouped into two clades, which clade 1 consists of Toxoplasma isolates collected from pet cats in Yogyakarta Indonesia and T. gondii isolates from China and in clade 2 consist of the T. gondii isolates from India.Conclusion:Copro-prevalence of T. gondii in pet cats in Yogyakarta by means of PCR using repetitive 529 bp gene is around 33.3%.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of malacca leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) to reduce carrageenan-induced edema in mice. This study used 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups with 5 mice per group. All the mice were induced inflammation using carrageenan at a dose of 1%. Mice in group 1 were not given piroxicam and malacca leaves extract. Mice in group 2 were treated with 20 mg of piroxicam suspension. Mice in groups 3, 4, and 5 were given ethanol extract of malacca leaves with doses of 100 mg/kg bb, 200 mg/kg bb, and 300 mg/kg bb, respectively. Edema volume measurements were performed on 5th day by collecting exudates using a syringe. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan test. The result showed that the average of edema volume in the negative control group was 0.09 ± 0.02 mL, while in the positive control group was 0.05 ± 0.03 mL. The average edema volume in groups 3, 4, dan 5 were 0.07 ± 0.01 mL, 0.06 ± 0.02 mL dan 0.07 ± 0.01 mL, respectively. It is concluded that the ethanol extract of malacca leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) can reduce the carrageenan-induced edema in male mice.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari gambaran histopatologi hati tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) akibat mengonsumsi minyak jelantah. Duapuluh ekor tikus berumur 3 bulan dengan bobot badan ±250 g dibagi atas 4 kelompok perlakuan dan setiap kelompok terdiri atas 5 ekor. Perlakuan K1 (minyak goreng curah), K2, K3, dan K4 (minyak jelantah 3x, 6x, dan 9x pemakaian). Perlakuan dilakukan selama 60 hari, dan pada hari ke 61 dilakukan eutanasia yang dilanjutkan dengan nekropsi. Hati tikus diambil dan difiksasi dalam larutan buffered neutral formaline 10% untuk diproses sediaan histopatologis dan diwarnai dengan hematoksilin dan eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hati berwarna coklat kehitaman, bengkak, dan ditemukan nodul multi fokal dengan konsistensi padat. Secara histopatologi terjadi peningkatan kongesti, degenerasi cloudy swelling, dan nekrosis sel. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: Rattus norvegicus, minyak jelantah, hati ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the consumption of waste cooking oil to histological of the liver of rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study used 20 rats weighing of ±250 g divided into 4 treatment groups containing PENDAHULUANMinyak goreng merupakan salah satu bahan makanan pokok yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk menggoreng bahan pangan. Minyak goreng menjadi salah satu bahan yang sering dipakai dalam mengolah makanan (Amang, 2001). Dalam penggunaannya, minyak goreng dipanaskan dengan suhu tinggi dan terus-menerus, akibatnya minyak akan mengalami perubahan kimia, warna, dan menjadi kotor yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada minyak goreng. Proses penggorengan akan menyebabkan dekomposisi asam lemak pada batas tertentu dapat mengakibatkan minyak menjadi tidak layak lagi digunakan (Rukmini, 2007). Minyak goreng yang telah dipakai, biasanya dimanfaatkan lagi oleh masyarakat sebagai langkah penghematan, dimana harga minyak goreng cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya.Kerusakan minyak goreng akan memengaruhi mutu dan nilai gizi bahan pangan yang digoreng. Minyak yang rusak akibat proses oksidasi dan polimerisasi akan menghasilkan bahan dengan cita rasa yang tidak enak (Budiarso, 2004). Kerusakan minyak atau lemak akibat pemanasan suhu tinggi (200-250 C) akan mengakibatkan berbagai macam penyakit dan keracunan dalam tubuh.Hati merupakan salah satu organ di dalam tubuh yang memiliki peranan penting sebagai penetral racun.Hati bertanggung jawab atas biotransformasi zat-zat berbahaya menjadi zat-zat yang tidak berbahaya. Proses ini menyebabkan sel hati mudah sekali mengalami kerusakan baik berupa kerusakan struktur sel maupun terjadi gangguan fungsi pada hati (Corwin, 2001).Penggunaan minyak goreng bekas (jelantah) jelas sangat tidak baik untuk kesehatan. Seharusnya minyak goreng yang digunakan untuk menggoreng ikan atau makanan yang lainnnya tidak boleh melebihi sampai tiga kali penggorengan. Karena setiap dipakai minyak akan mengalami kekurangan mutu. Kadar lemak tak ...
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