No abstract

This study aims to develop a learning model based on augmented reality applications to overcome barriers to learning mathematics for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) in Inclusive Schools. This study uses a 4D model with the development of an AR-based learning model involving ten expert validators, and the respondents employed in the analysis of data collection needs at the specified stage are 40 Special Education Teachers (STC) who teach SLD students in inclusive schools. The results of this study indicate that research on the achievement of the learning process shows that there is still hope and excellence in achieving the learning process desired by STC, where the learning process is still in the sufficient category level and necessary, as a learning medium in the learning process in the inclusive class. The validation test also shows that augmented reality application technology is included in the very good category, including the very good class. This augmented reality-based learning model is valid for use in the learning process in overcoming barriers to learning mathematics for SLD students in inclusive schools. Keywords:  Augmented Reality, inclusive schools, mathematic, learning model, SLD

Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. is a mangrove species developed for rehabilitation program along the north coast of Java Island. Increasing demand of propagules lead to the importance of gaining information regarding the flowers, fruits and propagules production within the area designated as seed source. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the flowers and propagules of R. mucronata production in the seed source area of Pesisir, Pasuruan, East Java. Flowering and fruiting phenology were observed by taking samples of trees to identify the development of the flowers and the propagules. Propagule production was observed by making a plot of 5 x 5 m, with the distance between plots measuring 100 m. Parameters of diameter, total height, and seed production were carried out on all trees in the plot. The results showed that R. mucronata bloomed throughout the observation period (January-April), with flowering that was not simultaneously in one tree. Reproductive cycle of this species took 15-16 months from bud commencement to propagule maturations; peak of flowering occurs from March to April and propagule production occurs on August. Propagules reach maturity and are ready for harvesting on December-January.

<p>Basal rot was an important disease in garlic caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae </em>(FOCe) and a major obstacle in garlic cultivation. Root knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em>) is endoparasitic nematodes causing plants become more susceptible to fungal pathogen infection. This research aimed to study the effect of double inoculation FOCe and Meloidogyne, and current inoculation against disease severity of basal root. The research was conducted through experimental procedures and prepared based on a randomized complete block design, with two factors consisting of three levels inoculation time. The first factor was FOCe and the second factor was Meloidogyne. The results showed that Meloidogyne presence could increase the disease severity of basal rot of garlic. Garlic was inoculated at 35 days after planting (dap) by Meloidogyne and FOCe cause the most severe disease of basal rot.</p>

<p>Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cepae (FOCe) causing basal rot of garlic is the main obstacle in improving garlic production. The presence of root knot nematode (Meloidogynespp.) is thought to cause an increase in the disease was caused by FOCe. This research aimed to study the effect of the presence of Meloidogyne in increasing the disease severity of basal rot of garlic caused by FOCe and interactions between them. The research was conducted through surveys and experimental procedures. The survey was conducted to obtain preliminary data on the relationship between the disease severity of basal rot of garlic and the infection of Meloidogyne in soil. Experimental study were prepared using a complete randomized block design, with two factors consisting of three levels inoculum density. The first factor was FOCe and the second factor was Meloidogyne spp. The results showed that the presence of Meloidogyne could increase the disease severity of basal rot of garlic</p>

Students with disabilities pursuing higher education face special challenges. The research is intended to 1) identify the kinds of academic assessment, 2) analyze the implementation of the running curriculum, 3) elicite the instructional strategies upon the readiness for college admission. This study was a survey on school policy involving 39 high schools of special education in Central Java, Indonesia. Data was collected by means of questionnaire and interview of experience-based teaching aligned to the curriculum. The questionnaire was used get the data on the curriculum content and the employed instructional strategies. In addition, the interview was to get data on the impact of instructional strategy. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed descriptive quantitatively, while the qualitative data from the interview was used to crosscheck and support the resulted analysis of quantitative data . The results showed that 1) the academic assessment was highly individualized, 2) the curriculum and instruction were diversified on the basis of students' needs and capabilities, 3) the curriculum and instructional strategies give better impct of vocational skills rather than academic competence. The research reached the conclusion that individual and diversified curriculum and instruction impemented in special schools turn to be typical strategies in preparing the academic readiness for college admission.

Tremor merupakan salah satu gerakan involunter yang paling sering ditemukan. Tremor pada penyakit Parkinson menjadi gejala kardinal yang paling membingungkan antara lain karena terpisah dari bradikinesia dan rigiditas, dapat memberat pada sisi berlawanan dari sisi bradikinesia yang dominan (wrong-sided tremor), penanda penyakit yang benigna, tidak berhubungan dengan banyaknya defisiensi dopamin di substansia nigra, serta responsnya terhadap pengobatan dopamin tidak sebaik gejala lainnya. Model klasik lebih menekankan peranan ganglia basalis dalam memodulasi fungsi kortikal melalui sirkuit striato-thalamokortikal yang mengalami disfungsi dan menyebabkan bradikinesia serta rigiditas, namun tidak dapat menjelaskan tremor istirahat pada penyakit Parkinson. Akan dikaji literatur tentang aspek patofisiologi tremor istirahat pada penyakit Parkinson. Tremor dapat disebabkan oleh adanya osilasi mekanik pada ekstremitas, refleks yang meningkat, osilasi sentral atau loop-feedback yang abnormal dalam sistem saraf pusat. Osilasi tremor dapat terjadi pada level membran neuronal, serta peningkatan eksitabilitas abnormal dan sinkronisasi pada ganglia basalis yang mempengaruhi koneksi thalamus dan kortikalnya. Dasar-dasar patofisiologi serta berbagai model hipotesis dengan strukturstruktur yang terlibat telah dibuat untuk menjelaskan patofisiologi tremor Parkinson. Kebanyakan model dibuat berdasarkan perekaman yang detail pada sejumlah neuron yang terbatas misalnya preparat ex vivo, atau set bangunan yang terbatas misalnya perekaman elektrofisiologi. Kebanyakan model berfokus pada sebuah nodus pada sirkuit tunggal dan menginterpretasikan adanya perubahan pada sirkuit lainnya sebagai akibat sekunder. Model hipotesis finger-switchdimmer merupakan model hipotesis terbaru dan memberikan sebuah sudut pandang level sistem, di mana tremor Parkinson diinduksi oleh aktivitas ganglia basalis yang abnormal (finger), diproduksi oleh thalamus (switch), dan dimodulasi atau diperkuat oleh serebelum (dimmer). Model ini dapat memberikan penjelasan bagaimana sejumlah intervensi pada network ganglia basalis-thalamus dapat menghilangkan tremor.

No abstract