Hyperglycemia is a prognosis predictor of LOS and functional outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke measured by discharge Barthel index.

Background Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and infarct volume detected by brain imaging have been associated with stroke outcome. However, the relationship of these two variables with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between acute serum VEGF levels and infarct volume with PSCI in ischemic stroke patients.

The study aims to 1) identify the teachers' problem to develop a development model of professional teachers with a lesson study-based approach at Muhammadiyah Schools of Sukoharjo regency, 2) find an effective lesson study model as a development model of professional teachers, and 3) analyze a lesson study validation as a development model of professional teachers. The research used a phenomenology descriptive-qualitative method. The subjects included the students, teachers, principals, department head of education, and members of the Regional House of Representatives. The techniques of the data gathering employed the observation, documentation, and in-depth interview. The technique of the data analysis applied the first order understanding and second order understanding. It could be concluded that the four problems to improve the teachers' professionalism with a lesson study-based model are as follows: 1) internal, 2) external (teachers' commitment and concern), 3) an effective lesson study model based on a plan-do-see circle, collaboration, and collegial tutor, and 4) a lesson study validation in relation with the validations of open lesson and reflection, theory, and implementation.

The nature of culture-specific startles syndromes such as "Latah" in Indonesia and Malaysia is ill understood. Hypotheses concerning their origin include sociocultural behavior, psychiatric disorders, and neurological syndromes. The various disorders show striking similarities despite occurring in diverse cultural settings and genetically distant populations. They are characterized clinically by exaggerated startle responses and involuntary vocalizations, echolalia, and echopraxia. Quantifying startle reflexes may help define Latah within the 3 groups of startle syndromes: (1) hyperekplexia, (2) startle-induced disorders, and (3) neuropsychiatric startle syndromes. Twelve female Latah patients (mean age, 44.6 years; SD, 7.7 years) and 12 age-, sex- and socioeconomically matched controls (mean age, 42.3 year; SD, 8.0) were studied using structured history taking and neurological examination including provocation of vocalizations, echolalia, and echopraxia. We quantified auditory startle reflexes with electromyographic activity of 6 left-sided muscles following 104-dB tones. We defined 2 phases for the startle response: a short latency motor startle reflex initiated in the lower brain stem <100/120 ms) and a later, second phase more influenced by psychological factors (the "orienting reflex," 100/120-1000 ms after the stimulus). Early as well as late motor startle responses were significantly increased in patients compared with controls (P ≤ .05). Following their startle response, Latah patients showed stereotyped responses including vocalizations and echo phenomena. Startle responses were increased, but clinically these proved insignificant compared with the stereotyped behavioral responses following the startle response. This study supports the classification of Latah as a "neuropsychiatric startle syndrome."

This study showed that the D allele in ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with worse functional outcomes. This highlights the possibility of further research to improve functional outcomes of ischaemic stroke by inhibiting the ACE system.

Mathematical problems are given to students to train themselves in their thinking skills and to find out the level of thinking that each student has. Mathematical problem solving is influenced by the level of students’ thinking ability. The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ high-order thinking skills in solving PISA-oriented math problems in terms of learning styles. This type of research is a mix method with a Concurrent Triangulation Strategy design. The population of all students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta samples in the study of several students in the population. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using interviews, documentation, and tests. The results of the study: 1) There was no difference in ability between students’ visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles in solving PISA-oriented math problems. 2) There are 23 students who have a visual learning style or 70% of the population. 30% of them are in the high category, 44% are in the medium category, and 26% are in the low category. 3) There are 8 students who have an auditory learning style or 24% of the population. 62.5% of them are in the medium category, and 37.5% are in the low category. 4) There are 2 students who have a kinesthetic learning style, the two students are one in the medium category and one in the low category. In general, each visual auditory and kinesthetic student has the ability to analyze, evaluate, and create as part of the higher order thinking component. However, each of them has a weakness in these abilities.

ABSTRAK Cara membatik di Indonesia mulai banyak beralih dari pemakaian bahan alami menjadi bahan cat sintesis. Cat sintetis yang digunakan sering kali mengandung logam berat di antaranya timbal (Pb) dan kromium (Cr). Pemakaian logam berat dalam waktu lama akan mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan kadar logam Pb dan Cr dalam darah dan limbah dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dan Packed Cell Volume (PCV) serta mengetahui prevalensi gejala toksisitas yang dirasakan pada pekerja di tiga sentra batik di Desa Lendah Kulon Progo. Sebanyak 76 pegawai di sentra batik: 37 orang di sentra SB, 20 orang di FA dan 19 orang di SA ditentukan kadar Hb, PCV, kadar Pb dan Cr dengan metode Inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Air limbah lingkungan dari ketiga lokasi sentra batik diambil dan diperiksa kadar Pb dan Cr-nya. Hasil antara ketiga lokasi diuji normalitasnya dan dianalisis dengan analisis varian atau Kruskal-Wallis. Hubungan antara kadar Pb dan Cr baik darah maupun limbah dengan kadar logam berat dalam darah dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p<0,05. Gejala penyakit yang dialami pekerja yang diperkirakan berhubungan dengan toksisitas logam berat dihitung frekuensinya. Antropometik, tekanan darah, kadar Hb, PCV dan logam berat dari ketiga lokasi yang diperiksa tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Kadar Pb darah dan krom di sentra SB dan FA berbeda signifikan dengan di sentra SA (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistik antara kadar Pb darah, Cr darah, dan Pb limbah dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala iritasi kulit, pusing, dan nyeri sendi dirasakan 37-49% repsonden. Kadar timbal dan krom darah pembatik di sentra SB dan FA lebih tinggi dari sentra SA. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara toksisitas Pb dan Cr dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala toksisitas di antara pekerja batik diperkirakan dapat terjadi karena toksisitas logam berat kronis akibat pemakaian cat batik.KATA KUNCI batik; hemoglobin; chromium; sel darah; timbal ABSTRACT The dye used to color batik has changed from natural to synthetic materials in several places in Indonesia. Synthetic paints often contain heavy metals including lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). Chronic use of heavy metals can affect health. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between blood and waste water levels of Pb and Cr with hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and to determine how many workers felt the toxicity symptoms in three batik centers in Lendah Kulon Progo. A total of 76 batik center employees: 37, 20, and 19 people from the SB, FA, and SA centers were recruited. Determination of Hb, PCV, Pb and Cr levels were conducted with the Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method. Wastewater from the three batik centers is taken and examined. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Correlation anayses were performed with Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Results were considered significant if p<0.05. Disease symptoms experienced by workers that are estimated to be associated with heavy metal toxicity are calculated in frequency. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, Hb levels, PCV and heavy metals were not significantly different between centers (p>0.05). Blood Pb and Cr from the SB and FA were significantly different from those at the SA center (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between blood Pb levels, blood Cr, and Pb waste with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of skin irritation, dizziness, and joint pain were felt by 37-49% of respondents. Blood levels of lead and chrome in the SB and FA centers are higher than the SA centers. There was no significant correlation between Pb and Cr toxicity with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of toxicity among batik workers are thought to occur due to chronic heavy metal toxicity due to the use of synthetic paint.KEYWORDS batik; haemoglobin; chromium; blood cell; plumbum

Mathematics is a science that deals with the study of abstract forms so that it requires objects or visual aids to concretize them to become more tangible and clear. Science and technology has developed rapidly in education, one of which is an android-based learning media. The purpose of this study was to develop an Android-based learning media on mathematics specifically in the form of algebraic for students in grade VII of SMP Negeri 2 Kartasura. Furthermore, after the development, the validity and feasibility tests were conducted by media experts, material experts, learning practitioners and students. This research conducted by Research and Development (R&D) method. In its development, 6 stages must be passed namely the analysis phase, the planning phase, the development phase, the verification phase, the validation phase, and the final phase with the learning media called OBAR. The developed media was feasible with the result of validation from media experts obtaining an average score of 3.94, was valid. The result of the validation from material experts obtained an average score of 4.5, was very valid. The results of validation by learning practitioners obtained an average score of 4.2, was valid. Moreover, the validation of the students’ responses obtained an average score of 4.54, was most feasible category.