Hubungan timbal dan krom pada pemakaian pewarna batik dengan kadar hemoglobin dan packed cell volume pada pengrajin batik di Kecamatan Lendah Kulon Progo

Abstract

ABSTRAK Cara membatik di Indonesia mulai banyak beralih dari pemakaian bahan alami menjadi bahan cat sintesis. Cat sintetis yang digunakan sering kali mengandung logam berat di antaranya timbal (Pb) dan kromium (Cr). Pemakaian logam berat dalam waktu lama akan mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan kadar logam Pb dan Cr dalam darah dan limbah dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dan Packed Cell Volume (PCV) serta mengetahui prevalensi gejala toksisitas yang dirasakan pada pekerja di tiga sentra batik di Desa Lendah Kulon Progo. Sebanyak 76 pegawai di sentra batik: 37 orang di sentra SB, 20 orang di FA dan 19 orang di SA ditentukan kadar Hb, PCV, kadar Pb dan Cr dengan metode Inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Air limbah lingkungan dari ketiga lokasi sentra batik diambil dan diperiksa kadar Pb dan Cr-nya. Hasil antara ketiga lokasi diuji normalitasnya dan dianalisis dengan analisis varian atau Kruskal-Wallis. Hubungan antara kadar Pb dan Cr baik darah maupun limbah dengan kadar logam berat dalam darah dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p<0,05. Gejala penyakit yang dialami pekerja yang diperkirakan berhubungan dengan toksisitas logam berat dihitung frekuensinya. Antropometik, tekanan darah, kadar Hb, PCV dan logam berat dari ketiga lokasi yang diperiksa tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Kadar Pb darah dan krom di sentra SB dan FA berbeda signifikan dengan di sentra SA (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistik antara kadar Pb darah, Cr darah, dan Pb limbah dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala iritasi kulit, pusing, dan nyeri sendi dirasakan 37-49% repsonden. Kadar timbal dan krom darah pembatik di sentra SB dan FA lebih tinggi dari sentra SA. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara toksisitas Pb dan Cr dengan kadar Hb dan PCV. Gejala toksisitas di antara pekerja batik diperkirakan dapat terjadi karena toksisitas logam berat kronis akibat pemakaian cat batik.KATA KUNCI batik; hemoglobin; chromium; sel darah; timbal ABSTRACT The dye used to color batik has changed from natural to synthetic materials in several places in Indonesia. Synthetic paints often contain heavy metals including lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). Chronic use of heavy metals can affect health. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between blood and waste water levels of Pb and Cr with hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and to determine how many workers felt the toxicity symptoms in three batik centers in Lendah Kulon Progo. A total of 76 batik center employees: 37, 20, and 19 people from the SB, FA, and SA centers were recruited. Determination of Hb, PCV, Pb and Cr levels were conducted with the Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method. Wastewater from the three batik centers is taken and examined. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Correlation anayses were performed with Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Results were considered significant if p<0.05. Disease symptoms experienced by workers that are estimated to be associated with heavy metal toxicity are calculated in frequency. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, Hb levels, PCV and heavy metals were not significantly different between centers (p>0.05). Blood Pb and Cr from the SB and FA were significantly different from those at the SA center (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between blood Pb levels, blood Cr, and Pb waste with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of skin irritation, dizziness, and joint pain were felt by 37-49% of respondents. Blood levels of lead and chrome in the SB and FA centers are higher than the SA centers. There was no significant correlation between Pb and Cr toxicity with hemoglobin and PCV levels. Symptoms of toxicity among batik workers are thought to occur due to chronic heavy metal toxicity due to the use of synthetic paint.KEYWORDS batik; haemoglobin; chromium; blood cell; plumbum

Reaction Times among Batik Workers: The Influence of Gender and Occupational Lead Exposure

“…Participant’s jobs were categorized as lead-exposed occupations if they reported conducting canting (a traditional hand-drawing method on fabric using liquid wax and dye), dipping the fabric in the dye, and washing the fabric after the coloring process because our prior study found excessive lead concentration in batik workers’ inhaled air during these processes at the workplaces [ 7 ]. A previous study found that participants who had these jobs were found to have elevated blood lead levels because they were exposed to synthetic dye-containing lead [ 33 ].…”

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“…Terdapat sekitar 10 sampai 13% dari kayu yang di gergaji akan berbentuk debu kayu. Pola aktivitas sehari-hari dan faktor penyerta yang potensial seperti umur, jenis kelamin, etnis, kebiasaan merokok dan faktor allergen (Hastuti et al, 2018). Gangguan pernafasan merupakan kondisi tidak normal yaitu ada kelainan satu atau lebih berupa batuk pilek disertai dahak/tidak, napas cepat baik disertai demam atau tidak (Muliadi, 2015).…”

Investigation of dermal exposure to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Al, Fe and Pb) in traditional batik industry workers

“…On the other hand, with regard to the potential risk of exposure, batik industry have a potential risk of heavy metal exposure through various portal of entry including through skin (dermal) [11], inhalation, and oral [12]. Heavy metal -containing dyes were detected in Batik wastewater and also in workers exposure [13]. Health impact of heavy metal exposure has been revealed by various studies including effect on nervous system [14].…”