There is a considerable corpus of evidence indicating that athletes succeeding in certain sports have distinctive body shapes that differ according to the demands of the type of sports and competitive level. The aim of this study was to determine the specific morphological characteristics of young male athletes compared with non-athlete students in Indonesia. Anthropometric measurements of 19 badminton players, 96 soccer players, 74 volleyball players, and 51 non-athlete undergraduate students, aged 16 to 28, were obtained in 1994 and 1995. Stature, body weight, bicondylar breadths of the humerus and femur, calf and upper arm circumferences, and skinfolds (at triceps, subscapula, calf, and supraspine) were measured for each subject. Heath-Carter somatotypes were determined in all the subjects. The results of the ANOVA of the body measurements showed that the three groups of athletes and the non-athlete students were heterogeneous: the badminton players were shorter and lighter with greater skinfold values among the athlete groups; the soccer players were relatively shorter and with smaller skinfold values and greater arm and leg girths; and the volleyball players were taller and heavier with smaller elbow and knee breadths and very small skinfold values. The non-athlete students were characterized by greater arm girth, elbow breadths, knee breadths, and back and leg skinfolds. In mean somatotype category, the badminton players were 'central' (3.3-3.7-3.7), the soccer players were 'balanced mesomorph' (2.7-4.9-3.0), the volleyball players were 'mesomorph-ectomorph' (2.4-3.5-3.7), and the non-athlete students were 'ectomorphic mesomorph' (2.7-5.2-3.8). Comparisons of international scope with each of the different sports showed that the Indonesian players were extremely short and light.

Background: Kidney fibrosis is the common final pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is characterized by inflammation, mesenchymal transition with myofibroblast formation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Centella asiatia (CeA) is an herb that has a reno-protective effect. However, its mechanism of action in kidney fibrosis has not been elucidated.Aim: To elucidate the effect of CeA in amelioration of kidney fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and focus on mesenchymal transition and inflammation.Methods: Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in male Swiss-background mice (age: 2–3 months, weight: 30–40 g, UUO group n = 6) to induce kidney fibrosis. Two doses of CeA extract with oral administration, 210 and 840 mg/kg body weight were added in UUO (U+C210 and U+C840 groups, each n = 6). The sham operation procedure was performed for the control group (SO, n = 6). The mice were euthanized at day-14 after operation. Tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis area fractions in kidney tissues of the mice were quantified based on periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Sirius Red (SR) staining. Immunostaining was performed for examination of fibroblast (PDGFR-β), myofibroblast (α-SMA), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage (CD68), meanwhile double immunofluorescence was performed with PDGFR-β and α-SMA. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to examine mRNA expression of TGF-β, Collagen-1, Snail, E-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), CD68, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and MCP-1.Results: We observed a significantly higher interstitial fibrosis area fraction and tubular injury (p < 0.001) with fibroblast expansion and myofibroblast formation in the UUO group than in the SO group. These findings were associated with higher mRNA expression of TGF-β, Collagen-1, Snail, vimentin, FSP-1, CD68, TLR4, and MCP-1 and lower mRNA expression of E-cadherin. The U+C840 group had a significantly lower tubular injury score and interstitial fibrosis area fraction, which associated with downregulation of mRNA expression of TGF-β, Collagen-1, Snail, vimentin, FSP-1, CD68, TLR4, and MCP-1, with upregulation of mRNA expression of E-cadherin. Immunostaining observation revealed the U+C840 group demonstrated reduction of macrophage infiltration and myofibroblast expansion.Conclusion: CeA treatment with dose-dependently ameliorates mesenchymal transition and inflammation in kidney fibrosis in mice.

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As a community service, hospitals are a means to deal with health, recovery and health care issues. Potential hazards in the hospital may be caused by biological factors, chemical factors, ergonomics factors, physical factors and psychosocial factors. The dangers of the above factors can lead to workplace accidents or PAK which can cause a decrease in physical or mental ability, disability, or even death. To determine the relationship between management commitment and the incidence of work accidents at the Risk Unit in RSUD Kanjuruhan Malang Regency. Quantitative research, with cross sectional study and needed 55 hospital worker from 6 risk units. The result of Pearson correlation analysis of management commitment, OSH behavior and work shift have the significant correlation with work accident. Both of management commitment and OSH behavior have the negative correlation which mean that higher management and behavior can decrease the accidents. The result of multivariate test was obtained by F value of 9.93 with p=0,000 which means that management commitment, OSH behavior and work shift simultaneously have significant effect to work accident. There is a significant correlation between management commitment, OSH behavior and work shift with occupational accident.

TujuanMengetahui adanya hubungan antara komitmen manajemen dan kejadian kecelakaan kerja pada  pekerja di unit berisiko di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kabupaten Malang.Metode Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan studi cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini dibutuhkan 55 pekerja yang diambil dari total populasi 6 unit berisiko yakni sebesar 119 pekerja. Salah satu kriteria inklusi yang penting yakni pekerja sudah bekerja minimal selama 1 tahun terakhir. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariabel, bivariabel, dan multivariabel.Hasil Hasil analisis variabel komitmen manajemen diperoleh nilai p = 0,004 (p < 0,05) yaitu ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan komitmen manajemen kecelakaan kerja. Koefisien negatif -0,382 yang berarti semakin tinggi komitmen manajemen akan mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan kerja. Korelasi perilaku K3 dengan kecelakaan kerja diperoleh nilai p = 0,004 (p < 0,05) menunjukkan adanya ada hubungan yang signifikan. Koefisien negatif -0,409 yang berarti semakin tinggi perilaku K3 akan mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan kerja. Hasil Korelasi Spearman variabel shift kerja memperoleh nilai p = 0,012 (p > 0,05) yaitu ada hubungan yang signifikan shift kerja dengan kecelakaan kerja. Koefisien positif 0,335 dengan nilai mean dari shift  malam yang memiliki nilai tertinggi yang berarti shift malam mengalami tingkat kecelakaan kerja lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pagi atau siang. Hasil uji multivariabel memperoleh nilai F hitung 9,93 dengan p = 0,000 yang berarti bahwa komitmen manajemen, perilaku K3 dan shift kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecelakaan kerja.SimpulanDari hasil penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara komitmen manajemen, perilaku K3 dan shift kerja dengan kejadian kecelakaan kerja di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kepanjen Kabupaten Malang. Diharapkan setelah adanya penelitian ini terdapat manfaat yang dirasakan khususnya oleh stakeholders tempat penelitian agar lebih mengedepankan K3 di tempat kerja agar perilaku keselamatan pekerja dapat meningkat sehingga dapat meningkatkan pula rasa aman dan selamat ketika akan, saat, dan setelah bekerja, contohnya dengan memperbanyak jumlah pelatihan K3 dan pemantauan angka kejadian kecelakaan kerja secara berkala.

(1) Background: Neglected occupational health and safety aspects in batik industries cause their workers to have an increased risk of lead exposure. The effect of occupational lead exposure on neurocognitive performance is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to examine the difference in simple reaction time between lead-exposed batik workers and non-exposed referents. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in seven batik enterprises in Lendah District, Indonesia, excluding workers with medical conditions impairing reaction time. Simple reaction time tests were conducted using an online tool. Two-way model ANCOVAs examined interactions between gender and job types on the mean differences in reaction time. (3) Results: After controlling for age and body mass index, we observed longer reaction times among lead-exposed batik workers than non-exposed referents with an adjusted mean difference of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.016–0.368) seconds. A more prominent detrimental effect of lead exposure on reaction time among female workers than among male workers was observed. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that occupational lead exposure could contribute to longer reaction time, notably among female workers. Thus, occupational health and safety precautions are vital to protect batik workers and preserve their important contributions to cultural heritage.

A good mannequin is needed to improve the quality of clinical skill learning. A strain sensors gauge can be applied into gynecologic bimanual examination mannequin. This study compared a new strain gauge sensors mannequin and non-sensor mannequin for gynecologic bimanual examination training in undergraduate medical student. We made a new female torso model implemented with strain gauge sensors in the definitive landmark, then used this new mannequin for gynecologic bimanual examination training in undergraduate medical student, and evaluated using questioner. We observed 4 parameters: mannequin appearance, student’s self confidence to palpate uterus and ovary, and student’s learning motivation. The new model improved student’s confident to palpate ovary (p<0.05) and student’s motivation (p<0.001) compared to non-sensor mannequin. In contrast, the gross appearance of the new mannequin was inferior (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in defining the uterus position during examination (p>0.05) in both mannequins. A new female torso model with strain gauge sensors can be applied for gynecologic examination training.

Background: The majority of people who work as tea plantation pickers are powerful. They carry heavy loads of tea on their backs while the roads are quite dangerous and sometimes cause problems. A balance training program has proven to reduce postural sway, increasing leg muscle strength and improving balance strategies. Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of  Vladimir Janda balance training methods with an external load on postural sway and leg muscle strength of tea pickers. Methods: The study design used was quasi-experimental with a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were tea pickers consisting of a productive age group of 15 people and 15 people as a control treatment group. The Vladimir Janda method balance exercises were conducted over five weeks consisting of 5 phases. Phase I-IV were carried out 5 times a week, while the V phase was done 3 times a week and each session lasted 15 minutes. Postural sway was measured with a posturometer. Leg muscle strength was measured by a back-leg dynamometer. The statistical tests used were Independent T-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results:The statistical test for the control and treatment groups using the Mann-Whitney test showed p = 0.001, meaning no external load effects on postural sway. Independent t-test showed p = 0.000, meaning there are differences in the effect between the treatment and control groups after being given balance exercises to increase leg muscle strength. Logistic regression test results obtained the ROC value of 0.917, meaning the Vladimir Janda balance training can affect the postural sway and knee extensor muscle strength by 91.7%. Conclusion: The Vladimir Janda balance exercise method can reduce postural sway and increase the strength of knee extensor muscles and ankle flexor Dorsi muscles. External loads can affect the postural sway.