AbstrakSusu merupakan bahan makanan dengan kandungan gizi yang lengkap, tetapi mudah mengalami kerusakan. Pengolahan susu menjadi produk olahan susu harus dilakukan guna menanggulangi kerusakan susu segar dan memberi nilai tambah susu. Namun, masih banyak petani ternak yang belum mengolah susu yang tidak habis terjual karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang pengolahan susu termasuk Kelompok Tani Ternak (KTT) di Kelurahan Wates, Semarang. Padahal, keterampilan membuat produk olahan susu, seperti kerupuk dan stik susu, dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Mitra kegiatan PKM ini adalah kelompok istri peternak sapi KTT Air Bening I dan KTT Air Bening II di Kelurahan Wates, Semarang. Kegiatan PKM yang dilakukan meliputi penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan kerupuk dan stik susu, praktek pengemasan, pendampingan dalam mengembangkan dan mengolah susu segar menjadi produk olahan susu, serta monitoring kegiatan. Hasil dari program PKM adalah peningkatan keterampilan mitra dalam memproduksi makanan olahan susu yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai usaha kecil untuk sumber penghasilan tambahan. AbstractMilk is an ingredient with a complete nutritional content, but is easily damaged. Processing milk into dairy product must be carried out in order to overcome the damage to fresh milk and gives added value to milk. However, there are still many livestock farmers who have not processed milk that has not been sold out due to limited knowledge and skills about milk processing including Kelompok Tani Ternak (KTT) who is a group of Livestock Farmer in Wates Village, Semarang. In fact, the skills to make dairy products, such as crackers and milk stick which are common Indonesian snacks, can be developed to increase farmer's income. Partners of PKM activities are groups of wives of cattle farmers from the KTT Clear Water Summit I and the KTT Air Bening II in Wates Sub-district, Semarang. PKM activities include counseling and training in making crackers and milk sticks, packaging practices, mentoring about developing and processing fresh milk into dairy products, and monitoring other activities. The outcome of the PKM program is the improvement of partner skills in producing dairy product that can be developed by small businesses for additional sources of income.
The formation of urinary stones is a serious problem worldwide. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is known as one of the main components of the stones. Traditionally, herbal extracts treatment is recommended. This paper discusses the effects of Orthosiphon aristatus Bl.Miq leaves extract (OA) on struvite crystals grown by diffusion gel method. After three weeks the crystals were separated from the gel, air dried and stored for characterisation. The crystals exhibit different morphologies depending upon the location of growth. It was found that OA caused the crystals to have noticeable surface defects, discolorisation and fragmentation. Also, OA (up to 5.0%) decreased the growth rate. XRD analysis confirms struvite crystallinity. Pure crystals and those grown with OA showed identical XRD pattern, indicating that the crystalline nature may be unaffected. For crystals with OA, FTIR spectrum shifted to higher wave numbers, implying that the various organic compounds in OA might be absorbed on the crystal surface. TG-DTA studies showed similar thermal behaviour for both pure crystals and those with OA. However, the later revealed lower endothermic temperature, indicating lower thermal stability. Fragmentation and lower thermal stability of struvite indicated that OA was a potent inhibitor of struvite and could be effective for urinary stone treatment.
<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Gelatin adalah produk hasil dari hidrolisis parsial kolagen kulit atau tulang hewan. Produk gelatin sering digunakan pada industri pangan dan farmasi, sebagai filler, emulsifier, pengikat, pengendap, dan pembentuk lapisan film tipis. Selama ini, pemenuhan kebutuhan gelatin dengan cara mengimpor negara lain. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan gelatin dari tulang kaki ayam broiler (TKAB) dan tulang ikan bandeng (TIB) dengan ekstraksi autoklaf. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor, dengan variabel konsentrasi HCl yang ditambahkan (3%; 5%; 7%; 9%; 11%) dan waktu ekstraksi autoklaf (1; 1,5; 2; 2,5;3 jam). Dari hasil penelitian, adanya variabel konsentrasi HCl dan waktu ekstraksi autoklaf berpengaruh terhadap rendemen gelatin tulang kaki ayam broiler (GTKAB) dan gelatin tulang ikan bandeng (GTIB). Konsentrasi HCl terbaik perendaman 48 jam untuk TKAB sebesar 5%, dan TIB sebesar 3%. Waktu ekstraksi terbaik selama 3 jam, dengan rendemen GTKAB sebesar 14.07%, dan rendemen GTIB sebesar 25,05%. Sehingga dari hasil penelitian ini, pembaharuan metode ekstraksi menggunakan alat autoklaf dinilai efektif, karena menghasilkan rendemen GTKAB dan GTIB yang besar dengan waktu kontak yang relatif lebih singkat.</p><p> </p>
The world of national education is required to be able to produce superior human resources, so that they are able to face all challenges that arise in the future. Referring to this, chemistry learning methods at the high school level need special attention. This is due to the lack of student interest in learning chemistry, because the learning is often carried out through a one-way process using the theoretical explanation method. This Community Service Program activity was carried out through workshop and training methods with practice-based chemistry learning. The training materials included liquid detergent, dish soap, and floor cleaner. The partner involved in this program was SMAN 15 Semarang. The implementation of this community service activity began with a material giving session, workshop session and training on household products manufacturing, and discussions. The results of the implementation of this community service activity can provide various benefits for the involved partner in the form of increased knowledge and understanding in the field of chemistry and motivation for entrepreneurship. Practice-based community service activities received a positive response from the partner involved in this program, so that this practice-based learning model would be applied in Chemistry learning at SMA N 15 Semarang. Abstrak Dunia pendidikan nasional harus mampu melahirkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang unggul, agar mampu menghadapi tantangan di masa depan. Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang perlu menjadi perhatian adalah pembelajaran kimia di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas. Pembelajaran kimia kurang diminati siswa karena pada umumnya hanya dilakukan secara satu arah dengan metode penjelasan teoritis. Kegiatan Program Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui metode workshop dan pelatihan dengan pembelajaran kimia berbasis praktikum. Materi pelatihan yang diberikan meliputi detergen cair, sabun cuci piring, dan pembersih lantai. Sebagai mitra kegiatan adalah SMAN 15 Semarang Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan mulai dari sesi pemberian materi, sesi workshop dan pelatihan pembuatan produk household, dan diskusi. Dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat , mitra mendapatkan manfaat berupa bertambahnya ilmu dan pemahaman dalam bidang kimia serta termotivasi untuk melakukan wirausaha. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang berbasis praktikum mendapat respon positif dari mitra sehingga model pembelajaran berbasis praktikum akan diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Kimia di SMA N 15 Semarang.
In the last decade pervaporation membrane has become an antractive dehydration processs for azeotropic ethanol-water mixture. In this paper, chitosan-alginate/polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes were prepared (by coating method) characterized as pervaporation membranes. The composite membranes were then examined to purify ethanol-water mixture. The characterization included degree of swelling both in water and ethanol, permeability measurement, surface morphology (by SEM) and surface chemistry (by FTIR). The results show that the increase in concentration of coating solution increases the degree of swelling in the water on the one hand, whereas the permeability and the degree of swelling in the ethanol decreases on the other hand. The highest permeability was obtained for the composite membrane prepared from a coating solution concentration of 1% with the ratio of chitosan to alginate was 0,33. The surface chemistry shows that the increase in concentration of chitosan - alginate solution increases the intensity of a specific wave number of C-O and C-N groups. Surface morphology indicates that the PES membrane surface is clearly covered by chitosan - alginate mixture. Performance examination demonstrates that the composite membrane prepared by 3% a coating solution (with the ratio of chitosan to alginate 3) can increase the bioethanol concentration from 95.5% to 99.6%.
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