In the last decade pervaporation membrane has become an antractive dehydration processs for azeotropic ethanol-water mixture. In this paper, chitosan-alginate/polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes were prepared (by coating method) characterized as pervaporation membranes. The composite membranes were then examined to purify ethanol-water mixture. The characterization included degree of swelling both in water and ethanol, permeability measurement, surface morphology (by SEM) and surface chemistry (by FTIR). The results show that the increase in concentration of coating solution increases the degree of swelling in the water on the one hand, whereas the permeability and the degree of swelling in the ethanol decreases on the other hand. The highest permeability was obtained for the composite membrane prepared from a coating solution concentration of 1% with the ratio of chitosan to alginate was 0,33. The surface chemistry shows that the increase in concentration of chitosan - alginate solution increases the intensity of a specific wave number of C-O and C-N groups. Surface morphology indicates that the PES membrane surface is clearly covered by chitosan - alginate mixture. Performance examination demonstrates that the composite membrane prepared by 3% a coating solution (with the ratio of chitosan to alginate 3) can increase the bioethanol concentration from 95.5% to 99.6%.
Sabun mandi padat aromaterapi kopi merupakan sabun mandi yang dibuat dengan menambahkan kopi ke dalam formula sabun mandi dan memberikan efek menenangkan setelah pemakaian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat sabun mandi padat aromaterapi kopi dengan mengkaji pengaruh rasio Virgin Cococonut Oil (VCO) : Asam Stearat (1:1, 3:1, dan 5:1) dan variasi penambahan jumlah serbuk kopi (4, 6, dan 8 gram) terhadap karakteristik sabun yang dihasilkan. Campuran VCO dan asam stearat dipanaskan pada suhu 70oC, kemudian larutan NaOH 30% dimasukan ke dalam campuran tersebut dan dilakukan proses pengadukan hingga diperoleh campuran yang homogen. Selanjutnya gliserin, larutan sukrosa, coco-DEA, dan serbuk kopi dimasukan ke dalam campuran dan dilakukan pengadukan kembali hingga homogen. Campuran kemudian dituang ke dalam cetakan dan dilakukan proses curing selama 1 minggu. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kadar air, kadar alkali bebas, pH, dan kestabilan busa dari sabun yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sabun mandi padat aromaterapi kopi terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan rasio VCO : Asam Stearat 1 : 1 dan penambahan serbuk kopi 4 gram dengan hasil kadar air 12,3 %, kadar alkali bebas 0 %, pH 10, dan kestabilan busa 68,1 %. Kata kunci : alkali bebas, asam stearat, kestabilan busa, sabun padat aromaterapi kopi, VCO
Desa Mluro Kecamatan Boja Kabupaten Kendal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan sentra industri pati aren, terdapat 27 pengrajin pati aren dengan kebutuhan bahan baku batang aren untuk produksi mencapai 150 ton per hari. Limbah ampas pati aren yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi tepung aren mencapai 100 ton/ hari. Hasil tinjauan lapangan dan pembicaraan dengan dua kelompok pengrajin ditemukan permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi yaitu masalah limbah ampas aren yang belum dimanfaatkan, sehingga perlu diajarkan teknologi pembuatan briket ampas aren. Pelaksanaan program Iptek bagi Masyarakat (IbM) di Kabupaten Kendal telah dapat di selesaikan dengan baik. Hasil pelaksanaan program tampak adanya perubahan pada kelompok masyarakat sebagai berikut : terserapnya teknologi pembuatan briket oleh pengajin pati aren, kemauan untuk membuat briket sebagai sumber penghasilan, memberi tambahan lapangan kerja bagi warga sekitar, menjalin kerjasama dengan pengusaha yang bersedia membeli produk briket, mengatasi pencemaran sungai. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa briket biomassa berkarbonasi dari limbah ampas pati aren, mampu menghasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 5234,5 kkal/kg (lebih tinggi dari SNI nilai kalor briket biomassa: 5000 kkal/kg ).Kata kunci : briket, karbonisasi, limbah ampas aren. Abstract. Kendal Regency, Central Java Province is the center of the palm starch industry, there are 27 palm starch craftsmen with the raw material needs of palm stems for production reaching 150 tons per day. The waste of palm starch dregs produced from the production process of palm flour reaches 100 tons/day. From the results of field reviews and discussions with the two groups of craftsmen, it was found that the problem that is being faced by the palm starch craftsman groups is the problem of palm pulp waste that has not been utilized, so it is necessary to teach the technology of making palm dregs briquettes. The implementation of the IbM program in Kendal Regency has been completed. From the results of the program implementation, it appears that there are changes as follows: the absorption of technology for making briquettes by palm starch craftsmen, the willingness to make briquettes as a source of income, providing employment for local residents, establishing cooperation with entrepreneurs who are willing to buy briquette products, overcoming river pollution. Carbonated biomass briquettes from palm starch waste are able to produce a calorific value of 5234.5 kcal/kg (higher than the SNI calorific value of biomass briquettes: 5000 kcal/kg).Keywords: briquettes, carbonization, palm pulp waste.
SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang merupakan salah satu SMA swasta terakreditasi A di Kota Semarang yang didirikan pada tanggal 20 Mei 1967. SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang terletak di Jl. Pamularsih 116 Semarang. SMA Kesatrian 1 memiliki visi utama dalam iman dan prestasi, berlandaskan kedisiplinan dan kekeluargaan. Untuk mewujudkan visi sekolah diperlukan langkah kecil dan nyata. Salah satu hal yang dilakukan adalah dengan pembimbingan keilmuan kepada Kelompok Karya Ilmiah Remaja (KIR). Pembimbingan ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan kreativitas dan produktivitas Kelompok KIR sehingga mampu berkompetisi dan meningkatkan softskill untuk berwirausaha. Permasalahan lain ditemukan bahwa SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang dalam hal ini sebagai mitra pengabdian pada masyarakat belum mengetahui kegiatan apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Untuk itu, pada Kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini dilakukan workshop pembuatan produk kimia terapan berupa sabun padat aroma kopi. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah melalui penjelasan umum secara klasikal mengenai alat, bahan, prinsip, dan prosedur dan sabun padat aroma kopi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan praktik langsung pembuatan sabun padat aroma kopi oleh para siswa. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa mitra memberikan respon yang positif dan antusias mengikuti kegiatan workshop. Mitra telah mengetahui alat, bahan, dan prosedur pembuatan sabun padat aroma kopi. Pengetahuan dan praktik yang telah diberikan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kreativitas dan produktivitas siswa terutama dalam pembuatan produk-produk kimia terapan. ABSTRACT SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang is one of the private high schools accredited A in Semarang City which was established on May 20, 1967. SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang is located on Jl. Pamularsih 116 Semarang. SMA Kesatrian 1 has a main vision of faith and achievement, based on discipline and kinship. To realize the school's vision, small and real steps are needed. One of the things that is done is by providing scientific guidance to the Youth Scientific Work Group (KIR). This guidance aims to foster creativity and productivity of the KIR Group so that they are able to compete and improve their soft skills for entrepreneurship. Another problem was found that SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang, in this case as a community service partner, did not know what activities could be done to achieve this goal. For this reason, in this Community Service Activity, a workshop on the manufacture of applied chemical products in the form of making solid soap with coffe aromas is held. The method of the activity carried out was through classical general explanations regarding tools, materials, principles, and procedures for coffe scented solid soap, then continued with direct practice of making solid coffe scented soap by students. The results of the activity showed that the partners gave a positive response and were enthusiastic about participating in the workshop activities. Partners already know the tools, materials, and procedures for making and solid coffe scented soap. The knowledge and practices that have been provided are expected to increase students' creativity and productivity, especially in the manufacture of applied chemical products.
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