The purpose of this study was to know productivity and repeatability of local pigeon. Data were collected from 124 birds that reared under intensive management. The results showed that artificial pair was 100% and polygamy was 16% (n=62 pair of pigeon). The ration of local pigeon consisting of 50% corn+50% of commercial feed for starter broiler chicken can be applied in field. The average of egg production was 1.8 eggs/pair/period, egg weight was 17.7 g, fertility was 96.6%, hatching rate was 77%, embryo mortality rate was 23%, interval period from laying to hatching and suckling was 51 days, 31.4 days with hatching, and 17.6 days without hatching and suckling. The day old pigeon weight ranged 10.9-16.2 g. Repeatability value of productive traits was high, in which egg weight was 0.64 and day old pigeon weight was 0.737. Repeatability of reproductive traits was low, that was fertility and hatchability was 0.12 and 0.048, respectively). The squab weight increased from week 0 to 4, then decreased in the week 5. The growth rate was highest at the week 1, then decreased from the week 2 to 5 with the negative growth rate occur at the 5 th week. The squab growth rate followed a quadratic pattern. It was concluded that slaughter squab selection could be done at 4 th week old.

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The aim ofthis study was to examine the preservability of local chicken semen in extender added with various level extra virgin olive oil (EVOO).Semen was collected from three roosters using massage method. Immediately after collection the semen evaluated macro and microscopically. Semen demonstrated > 70% motility, individually divided into five tubes. Each of them diluted with ringer fructose that supplemented with 0%, 4%, 6%, 8% or 10% EVOO. Semen was stored in refrigerator (5 o C) for sixty hours and evaluated every twelve hours for spermatozoa motility and viability. Results revealed that supplementing the diluent of roosters semen with EVOO and then storing it for different storage periods (12, 24, 36, 48 or 60 hours) resulted in significant (p< 0.05) improvement in spermatozoa motility and viabilityin comparison with the control group.Moreover, used of 8% EVOO surpassed other treatments afterin vitro storage for up to 60 hoursand resulted fertilizing ability up to 73.81%.This research conclude that 8% EVOO can be used as antioxidant source for roosters semen during preservation.

Kampung chicken is a local Indonesian chicken that comes from red jungle chicken that has been successfully domesticated but has a low productivity. One of method to increase the productivity can be done by crossing a local chicken with a broiler. This research was conducted to examine the growth performance of crossing result G3 interse (pelung, sentul, kampung, broiler) age 1-12 weeks. IPB D-1 G3 chicken measured in this research were 76 DOC, 18 cocks, and 30 hens. T test was used to knowing the differences of body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion. Based on the research, body weight, growth, and feed conversion of male IPB D-1 chickens was better than female IPB D-1 chickens when 12 weeks age. Body weight of a cock IPB D-1 G4 in 12 week was 1939.9 g and for a hen was 994.9 g. Feed consumption of rooster IPB D-1 G4 3 468.97 g and 3 339.80 in females with fluctuating body weight growth. Chicken feed conversion IPB D-1 lowest G4 1.579 and 6.430 with the highest. Coefficient of variation on all variables IPB D-1 G4 was high. Performance growth of IPB D-1 G4 still diverse.

Kampung chicken is Indonesian native chickens that has slow growth. One way to increase growth is crossing. Pelung-sentul-kampung-meat type chicken (IPB D-1) is a chicken from crossing between F1 pelung-sentul (PS) male and kampung-meat type chicken strain cobb (KM) female to produce chicken that has fastly growth and big body size. Factors that need to be examined to find out the bone growth and body structure of chicken is the body size. The aim of the research was to asses body size chicken IPB D-1 generation G4 crosing results with interse at age 2 until 12 weeks. The number of chickens used 33 males and 38 females. The Variables measured every 2 weeks were body weight, shank length, shank circumference, tibia length, femur length, back length, chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, and chest length. Research data were analyzed descriptive. IPB D-1 chicken G5 have a coefficient of diversity 5% to 15% on each variable observed. The fifth generation of IPB D-1 chicken (G5) have a variation body size. Chest length is the best variable to predict the body weight.

Abstract:The main problem of landfill management in Indonesia is the difficulty in getting a location for Final Processing Sites (FPS) due to limited land and high land prices. Besides, about 95% of existing landfills are uncontrolled dumping sites, which could potentially lead to water, soil and air pollution. Based on data from the Ministry of Environment (2010) multi-year researches related to the rehabilitation of dumpsites toward sustainable landfill. The research methods are literature reviews, experiments, laboratory analysis and field observations. A pilot model of dumpsite rehabilitation was carried out in 2010 at the Final Processing Site at Cikundul in Sukabumi City, consisting of (1) mining landfill (2) construction of landfill cells in a former mining area with a semi aerobic landfill and an anaerobic landfill and (3) landfill operations using decomposed material from landfill mining as a soil cover. The purpose of the study is to develop a sustainable approach for landfill management and rehabilitation through landfill mining and implementation of semi aerobic landfill. Findings in the construction of landfill mining indicate that (1) the construction of landfill mining is constrained by leachate that is trapped in a pile of waste, therefore, the leachate needs to be pumped to leachate treatment installations, (2) the volume of waste excavation is expanding due to the high plastic content of about 26% in landfills (3) the potency of decomposed materials from landfill mining is 40-83% for landfill operations or greening.. The performance of landfill systems shows that leachate quality of semi aerobic landfill tends to be lower than that of anaerobic landfill. Gas composition at semi aerobic landfill in FPS Sukabumi shows about 6-10% CH 4 and about 15-16% O 2; for an aerobic landfill, the gas composition is about 47-57% CH 4 and about 2-3% O 2 . In conclusion the concept mining landfill could be developed especially for big cities where it is difficult to find a new site for landfill or to get soil cover for landfill operation. In a sustainable approach, the excavated area can be turned into a new area for landfill cell so that the capacity of existing Final Processing Site can be expanded using the block landfill concept. The landfill should be divided into three blocks: compost block, composting block and active block. Usage of the three blocks are rotated with the intention of using solid waste on the compost block as soil material for the active block through landfill mining.

Ancaman pencemaran air limbah terhadap sumber air baku air minum dapat terus meningkat apabila upaya peningkatan akses sanitasi tidak diiringi dengan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satunya dengan teknologi pengolahan air limbah sistem biofilter, yang dapat diterapkan di kawasan perkotaan dengan keterbatasan lahan, muka air tanah tinggi, volume reaktor kecil serta mudah dalam pengoperasian karena lumpur yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit. Namun teridentifikasi kendala kendala dalam penerapan teknologi biofilter skala komunal, diantaranya umur pakai yang pendek, gangguan proses pengolahan dan efluen pengolahan belum dapat mencapai baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Pada tulisan ini, diuraikan kajian penerapan sistem biofilter skala komunal di beberapa kota, termasuk faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan pengelolaan sistem biofilter. Sampling penerapan biofilter komunal dilakukan secara purposif sesuai variasi sistem biofiter, kondisi lokasi dan pengelola, kemudian metoda deskriptif digunakan untuk evaluasi berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut. Desain unit proses biofilter dikaji berdasarkan penyisihan/penguraian bahan organik sebagai BOD, yang didekati dengan reaksi orde pertama kinetika plug flow. Hasil studi menunjukkan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan sistem adalah desain unit proses, media biofilter, karakteristik influen, konsumsi pemakaian air, kapasitas pengolahan, media biofilter, proses pembentukan biofilm pada tahap pembibitan dan aklimatisasi, bahan dan konstruksi serta pengelolaan. Beberapa penerapan sistem biofilter yang memenuhi kriteria desain serta pengelolaan yang tepat, dapat menghasilkan air olahan sesuai Keputusan Menteri KLH Nomor 112 tahun 2003 atau Perda terkait, serta berpotensi diolah kembali untuk daur ulang tertentu. Didalam penyusunan standar sistem biofilter perlu mempertimbangkan faktor faktor tersebut, terutama dalam memenuhi standar Pd. T-04-2005-C tentang Tata cara perencanaan dan pemasangan tangki biofilter pengolahan air limbah, Pd. T-02-2004-C, tentang Pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan instalasi pengolah air limbah rumah tangga dengan Tangki Biofilter serta RSNI tentang tata cara perencanaan pengolahan air limbah setempat.

Abstract. Suhartati L, Khaerunnisa L, Gunawan A, Rukmiasih, Darwati S, Sumantri C, Rizqan. 2020. Short Communication: Identification of the exon 1 myostatin gene polymorphism and its association with slaughtered weight in Indonesian Kampung and Broiler Chicken. Biodiversitas 21: 3893-3897.  Myostatin is widely known as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development by controlling hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Silent mutation in exon 1 (c.234G>A) was then thought to be associated with chicken growth performances. This study was designed to analyze polymorphisms of c.234G>A mutation of the myostatin gene and its effect on slaughtered weight in Indonesian Kampung and meat-type chicken. The SatI restriction enzyme was used for genotype determination through the PCR-RFLP technique. The effect of genotype on the slaughtered weight was analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. Genotyping was performed on 138 chicken from Kampung (n=67) and meat type (cobb Broiler) (n=71) chicken. The amplification product contained 226 bp nucleotides. This myostatin gene was polymorphic in both chicken population, produced 2 alleles (G and A), and 3 genotypes (GG, GA, and AA). The A allele had a higher frequency than the G allele in all populations. In this study, genotype of AA and GA had higher live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, thigh weight, drumsticks weight, wings weight, breast muscle weight, thighs muscle weight, drumsticks muscle weight than GG genotype of 12 weeks-old Kampung chicken. The results suggested that the c.234G>A mutation in exon 1 could be potentially recommended as a genetic marker for chicken slaughtered weight traits.