Peningkatan pemanfaatan air tanah dan sarana sanitasi setempat yang tidak dikelola di permukiman padat telah berdampak negatif terhadap sistem air tanah, dengan terjadi penurunan muka air tanah dan pencemaran air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh tingkat pemakaian air dan pengembangan pengelolaan air imbuhan di zona-zona pemanfaatan air tanah Cekungan Air Tanah (CAT) Bandung, khususnya di Kota Cimahi, Jawa Barat. Pengelolaan air imbuhan di permukiman perkotaan dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan sanitasi, diantaranya melalui metoda resapan air tanah dari air hujan atau dari air olahan suatu instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Sehingga klasifikasi zona amanair tanah dapat berkelanjutan dan zona rawan atau kritis dapat dilakukan pencegahan dan penanganan di sumber imbuhan. Peresapan curah hujan buatan (artificial recharge) di zona-zona pemanfaatan air tanah dapat menghasilkan peningkatan sebesar 84,97 % dari jumlah total air yang teresapkan secaraalami. Sementara itu berkembangnya sanitasi on site dengan sistem cubluk, cenderung mencemari air tanah. Hal ini dapat dicegah dengan pengelolaan air limbah skala lingkungan, yang bertujuan menghasilkan air olahan yang dapat digunakan kembali atau untuk pengisian air tanah. Pengisian air tanah dari air olahan instalasi pengolahan air limbah skala lingkungan penting untuk mempertimbangkan ketersediaan lahan, kemudahan pengelolaan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Beberapa cara diantaranyadapat menerapkan beberapa tahap pengolahan dengan sistem biofilm, lahan basah buatan sistem aliran di bawah permukaan kemudian pengisian air tanah melalui filtrasi granular.Kata kunci : Air tanah, imbuhan, sanitasi , air hujan, air olahan

Water pollution and sea water intrusion to water sources in coastal areas result lack of provision safe drinking water by the drinking water regional company or coastal community. The existing water treatment plant that operated on brackish surface water or groundwater feed requires improving process. Membrane process could be a choice to treat the quality of brackish water to the level of potable water that designed to lower cost with high stabile flux and longer lifetime. This research focus on application of pilot plant of brackish water treatment using Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane-air lift system as pretreatment of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane-low pressure. Brackish water sources contain high colloidal and suspended solids that can cause fouling load of RO membranes and impair its performance. UF pretreatment operation tested by addition of compressed air into the feed (air lift system), resulted stable flux, reduces membrane fouling and low feed pressure. A flux of RO with UF pretreatment can produce drinking water of 30-61 L/m 2 •hour. It was observed, the good quality of RO permeate resulted by using a pretreatment of UF-PS (Polysulfone-UF) with total dissolved solid rejection about 96-98% and color rejection about 99-100% at 5 or 8 bars of operation pressure. This paper concludes that performance of membrane technology with UF-air lift system pretreatment and RO membrane-low pressure could be accepted as condition of brackish water source in Indonesia coastal areas in producing drinking water.

Ancaman pencemaran air limbah terhadap sumber air baku air minum dapat terus meningkat apabila upaya peningkatan akses sanitasi tidak diiringi dengan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satunya dengan teknologi pengolahan air limbah sistem biofilter, yang dapat diterapkan di kawasan perkotaan dengan keterbatasan lahan, muka air tanah tinggi, volume reaktor kecil serta mudah dalam pengoperasian karena lumpur yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit. Namun teridentifikasi kendala kendala dalam penerapan teknologi biofilter skala komunal, diantaranya umur pakai yang pendek, gangguan proses pengolahan dan efluen pengolahan belum dapat mencapai baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Pada tulisan ini, diuraikan kajian penerapan sistem biofilter skala komunal di beberapa kota, termasuk faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan pengelolaan sistem biofilter. Sampling penerapan biofilter komunal dilakukan secara purposif sesuai variasi sistem biofiter, kondisi lokasi dan pengelola, kemudian metoda deskriptif digunakan untuk evaluasi berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut. Desain unit proses biofilter dikaji berdasarkan penyisihan/penguraian bahan organik sebagai BOD, yang didekati dengan reaksi orde pertama kinetika plug flow. Hasil studi menunjukkan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan sistem adalah desain unit proses, media biofilter, karakteristik influen, konsumsi pemakaian air, kapasitas pengolahan, media biofilter, proses pembentukan biofilm pada tahap pembibitan dan aklimatisasi, bahan dan konstruksi serta pengelolaan. Beberapa penerapan sistem biofilter yang memenuhi kriteria desain serta pengelolaan yang tepat, dapat menghasilkan air olahan sesuai Keputusan Menteri KLH Nomor 112 tahun 2003 atau Perda terkait, serta berpotensi diolah kembali untuk daur ulang tertentu. Didalam penyusunan standar sistem biofilter perlu mempertimbangkan faktor faktor tersebut, terutama dalam memenuhi standar Pd. T-04-2005-C tentang Tata cara perencanaan dan pemasangan tangki biofilter pengolahan air limbah, Pd. T-02-2004-C, tentang Pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan instalasi pengolah air limbah rumah tangga dengan Tangki Biofilter serta RSNI tentang tata cara perencanaan pengolahan air limbah setempat.

The anaerobic domestic wastewater treatment plant at communal scale are seen not be

The wastewater treatment  infrastructure had provided by the government mainly through  application of communal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).  The  treatment process  of communal WWTP  applied  generally  anaerobic system, such as Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) technology, but most of  treated water  do not meet effluent standard. This paper aims to research the characteristics of the organic removal and treatment upgrading process in the communal ABR system, including process modification or combination with other system. Research carried out in several communal WWTP  has applied since the year 2012-2013 in Cimahi City, West Java. Method of evaluation was conducted in the WWTP management through observation of  serviced community, operation and maintenance,  water quality test both physically and chemicaly. Method of qualitative descriptive  for analysis factors affecting the process performance of ABR and  potential process upgrading of  ABR system according to characteristic of ABR system. The organic removal in ABR system  is influenced by the management, existence of pra treatment unit,  acclimatization process, water consumption and environment of serviced area. Upgrading process of ABR system  can be performed by modification of baffle design, start-up process, maintenance biomass,  hybrid system, recirculation systems and application of  further treatment. The   review these alternative of ABR upgrading process are important in the ABR planning standard  to achieve   treated water  meet effluent standard.

The achievement of safe sanitation access is about 7.42 % in 2018, that indicates high risk of faecal contamination from unmanaged onsite sanitation system and has not been fully supported by faecal sludge service. This paper described the study of characteristic of onsite sanitation and faecal sludge for review potential of integrating of sludge handling with improved communal wastewater treatment. Faecal sludge quality were observed from pit latrines and communal septic tank, then analysis method apply cluster analysis and through close loop approach consider treatment and disposal for resource recovery. The pilot model of combined treatment of wastewater and faecal sludge was developed by anaerobic digester with a maximum 5% sludge loading, then further treatment by biofilter system and sludge drying bed. The quality of treated water can meet COD and nitrogen as effluent standard, biosolid reached a stabilization index of 40 - 60%, water content of 50-60% and less Coliform bacteria content. The characteristics of faecal sludge strength to be handled will be influenced bytechnical aspect or environment. The integrated system could be applied to manage wastewater and faecal sludge and its by products, mainly for rural area has not been catered by faecal sludge service.

Most of slum settlements in the watershed areas have limited access to proper solid waste and wastewater management. Public sanitation facility is an integrated sanitation option in such area for solid waste treatment and wastewater treatment. The sanitation model has applied through the approach of community development, energy recovery and water reuse for agricultural area.

The unsafe water and solid reuse from decentralized wastewater treatment plant still occur due to the lack of improved and effective water management. This paper has aims to provide research findings of main management aspect of decentralized wastewater treatment plant with water reuse orientation. The scope of analysis includes wastewater treatment process performance evaluation, health risk, water reuse constraints and community motivation. The decentralized wastewater system had been designed as green technology in some settlements areas, which have low maintenance, low sludge production, and have high potential of water reuse for non potable water demand. According to the treatment schemes for water reuse system, the management is affected by treatment performance, proper maintenance, environmental condition and community motivation. The treated water quality according to water reuse standard of USEPA can be a source for agriculture or non-potable water demand