Suryaningsih S, Sukmaningrum S, Simanjuntak SBI, Kusbiyanto. 2018. Diversity and longitudinal distribution of freshwater fish in Klawing River, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 85-92. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diversity and longitudinal distribution of fish in Klawing River, Purbalingga (Central Java). The survey was performed using a clustered randomsampling technique. The river was divided into upstream, midstream and downstream regions. Species diversity was measured as the number of species, and the longitudinal distribution was assessed by determining the fish species present in each of the three regions. Eighteen fish species of eleven families were identified in the Klawing River: Cyprinidae, Bagridae, Mastacembelidae, Anabantidae, Cichlidae, Channidae, Eleotrididae, Beleontinidae, Osphronemidae, Poecilidae, and Siluridae. Cyprinidae exhibited the highest number of species (six), followed by Bagridae and Cichlidae (two species each). The other families were represented by one species each. A single cluster analysis showed that the upstream population had a similarity of 78% and 50% with the midstream and downstream populations, respectively. Species and family diversities were higher in the midstream populations than in the upstream and downstream populations. This longitudinal distribution may be due to differences in environmental conditions and suggests that management of the land surrounding the Klawing River is a key factor in the conservation of freshwater fish.
Chlorella vulgaris is an algae with high nutrition content. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is a hepatotoxic chemical.The aims of this study were to determine the effect of C. vulgaris extract on the physiological response of liver such as MDA, SOD and GPx activity on rat after induced by CCl 4 exposure as well as to determine the effective dose of C. vulgaris extract as antioxidant that can neutralize CCl 4 exposure. This research was conducted experimentally with Completely Randomized Design that consists of 6 treatment and 5 times repetition. The doses of C. vulgaris extract used were 3, 4, and 5 mg per /100 g of rat'sbody weight (BW).The administration of C. vulgaris extract was performed within 30 days, while the CCl 4 (0.25 ml/100 g BW) was administered orally on the day 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, and 26. Parameters measured were levels of MDA, SOD and GPx of rat blood serum.The results showed that the administration of C. vulgaris extract can inhibit lipid peroxidation indicated by decrease in MDA activities and oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GPx activity. In conclusion, 5 mg/100 g BW of C.vulgaris extract is an effective dose to be uses as endogenous antioxidant to protect the liver cell from damage caused by CCl 4 exposure. The benefit of C. vulgaris as a supplement for antihepatotoxin in humans.
Osmotic regulation and blood hematocrite of nile, Oreochromis sp., have been evaluated as response to different salinity and water temperature. Three different salinities (0 ppt, 10 ppt and 20 ppt) in combination with two different water temperatures (26° C and 30° C) have been applicated in this experiment. Fish with average body weight 28.3 ± 2.62 g were used ini this experiment. The result showed that plasma osmolality of nile in freshwater have not different with in 10 ppt (P > 0.05), but plasma osmolality increased at 20 ppt especially at 8,16 and 24 hours after aclimated on 20 ppt. Osmoregulatory capacity has signifi cant heigher (P < .05) on nile in freshwater than in water with salinity 10 ppt and 20 ppt. Body water content and blood hematocrite were not signifi cant between different salinity and water temperature (P > .05). Conclution, osmotic regulation of nile showed signifi cant different between salinity treatment, but blood hematocrite only changed at 8,and16 hours after nile aclimated on water salinity 20 ppt and body water content not changed at both diferent salinity and water temperature.
Kidney is very susceptible to damage by toxicological compounds such as carbon tetrachloride (CCL). CCL produce free radicals, which cause lipid peroxidation and kidney damage and free radical release, which can be prevented by the administration of exogenous antioxidants, such as Chlorella vulgaris. The aim of study was to determine an effect of antioxidant of C. vulgaris on the histopathological features of Wistar rat kidney which is induced by CCL. Experimental study with completely randomized design. The variable was histopathology features of the kidneys. The doses of C. vulgaris extract were 3 mg, 4 mg, and 5 mg per 100 grams of rat body weight (BW). The administration of C. vulgaris extract was performed within 30 days, while the CCl 4 induction (0.25 ml/100 g BW) was administered orally on the day 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, and 26. Parameters were histopathology features of renal damage, proportion of tubular cell damage, and Bowman's space diameter. The results showed the administration of C. vulgaris extract was able to reduce the impact of damage caused by CCl 4 (p<0.05). This was supported by histologic observations, which was showing a decrease of picnotic and vacuolated cells, normal brush border, and decrease of Bowman's space. In conclusion, 5 mg/100 g BW of C. vulgaris extract can effectively protect the kidney from damage caused by CCL. The results of this study strongly support further research on immunostimulant content test C. vulgaris and determine the efficient dose for representative mammals animals also in humans.
<p><em>Spirulina platensis </em>is a phytoplankton, the cell wall composed of complex sugars so easily digested by fish<em>. </em>The present study was carried out to investigate stimulation cycle of feed deprivation with feed supplemented <em>S</em>.<em> platensis</em> the best to increase growth, hematological and body composition of gurami (<em>Osphronemus gouramy</em>). Groups of 24 fish, each in triplicate, were exposed to four different treatment for a period of 56 days. Sample measurements of growth done every 14 days, hematological and body composition measurements carried out at the end of the experiment. Growth was significantly different between stimulation cycle of feed deprivation and the control (P<0.05). Conclusions result showed that stimulation cycles of feed deprivation could not improve growth and hematological, but could improve body composition. Feed deprivation is done to reduce the cost of production, high production costs due to high feed prices. During research on feed deprivation is done by giving commercial feed, this study is to provide feed supplementation <em>S. platensis</em>. Thus, the results of this study can be useful for science as <em>S. platensis</em> information can be used as a food supplement and and for the people cultivating gurami should be fed daily supplementation of <em>S. platensis</em>.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Simanjuntak, S. B. I., Wibowo, E. S. & Indarmawan, I. (2016). Stimulation of Deprivation Cycles with Spirulina platensis Feed Supplementation on Osphronemus gouramy Physiological Responses. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 378-385. </p>
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