Antioxidant Effect of Clorella vulgaris on Wistar Rat Kidney Induced by CCl4: A Histopathological Review

Abstract

Kidney is very susceptible to damage by toxicological compounds such as carbon tetrachloride (CCL). CCL produce free radicals, which cause lipid peroxidation and kidney damage and free radical release, which can be prevented by the administration of exogenous antioxidants, such as Chlorella vulgaris. The aim of study was to determine an effect of antioxidant of C. vulgaris on the histopathological features of Wistar rat kidney which is induced by CCL. Experimental study with completely randomized design. The variable was histopathology features of the kidneys. The doses of C. vulgaris extract were 3 mg, 4 mg, and 5 mg per 100 grams of rat body weight (BW). The administration of C. vulgaris extract was performed within 30 days, while the CCl 4 induction (0.25 ml/100 g BW) was administered orally on the day 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, and 26. Parameters were histopathology features of renal damage, proportion of tubular cell damage, and Bowman's space diameter. The results showed the administration of C. vulgaris extract was able to reduce the impact of damage caused by CCl 4 (p<0.05). This was supported by histologic observations, which was showing a decrease of picnotic and vacuolated cells, normal brush border, and decrease of Bowman's space. In conclusion, 5 mg/100 g BW of C. vulgaris extract can effectively protect the kidney from damage caused by CCL. The results of this study strongly support further research on immunostimulant content test C. vulgaris and determine the efficient dose for representative mammals animals also in humans.

Potential of Red Okra Extract (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) to Restore Kidney Damage due to Sodium Nitrite

“…Whilst, phenolic and carotenoid compounds within microalgae Chlorella vulgaris can be utilized as exogenous antioxidants. In line with the study of Susatyo et al (2018), in this research, the antioxidants contained in red okra extract can stabilize free radicals. this is indicated by increasing levels of SOD while MDA levels drop.…”

“…Vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds are used as antioxidants that can capture and scavenge free radicals, inhibit the synthesis of the radicals by chelating metal ions and neutralize them from causing molecular oxidation in the cells (Kumar & Pandey, 2013;Petropoulos et al, 2017). Research by Susatyo et al (2018) reports that endogenous antioxidants as protective agents in the body can reduce because free radicals increase.…”

Kidney Function Test of Female Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) of Subchronic Toxicity Test of Arthrospira maxima sp. and Chlorella vulgaris sp.

“…This can be due to C. vulgaris and A. maxima which function as antioxidants. C. vulgaris as an antioxidant can be used to prevent kidney damage, as in previous studies conducted by Susatyo et al (2018) that C. vulgaris extract can reduce kidney damage exposed to CCl4. The ability of C. vulgaris extract provides protection against oxidative stress and free radicals associated with antioxidant compounds in it.…”