Research on new antimicrobial agents is needed, as more and more microorganisms that cause antibiotic-resistant diseases are emerging commercially. In this group, we can find strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are highly opportunistic species. Faced with this perspective, research using essential oils present in plants is emerging as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of antimicrobial infections. Many of these oils have, in their composition, monoterpene α-pinene, that shows to have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the positive enantiomer of α-pinene against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The methodologies used were: Disc-diffusion test, broth microdilution and bacterial death kinetics, all of which were standardized by CLSI. As a result, inhibition halos of 11 mm was obtained for the gram-positive strain and 12 mm for the gram-negative strain, both at the same concentration, 160 µl / ml. In addition, it was possible to observe with the death curve that the concentrations (1.25 µl/mL and 2.5 µl/mL of the (+)-α-pinene were able to eliminate the formation of bacterial colonies at one time of exposure of 2 hours for the E. coli strain. However, the death curve of the S. aureus strain was characterized by non-elimination of bacterial colonies at a 24 hours exposure time used for the experiment. Only amikacin evidenced its bacterial killing rate of all colonies within two hours of exposure. At the end, it was possible to verify the activity of the phytoconstituent against Escherichia coli strains ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, recommending the continuity of the studies with the use of different methodologies so that (+) - α-pinene in the future can be a compound used in antimicrobial therapy.

O principal fator a limitar o processo de criopreservação de sêmen equino está relacionado à própria espécie, por apresentar uma grande variabilidade nas características dos ejaculados pós-descongelação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a viabilidade espermática pós-descongelação, do sêmen de garanhões das raças Quarto de Milha e Mangalarga Marchador utilizando-se dois diluentes (Tris e Botu-crio®) na criopreservação. Para tanto, foram analisadas as características físicas do sêmen fresco, funcionalidade da membrana espermática pelo Teste Hiposmótico (HOST), motilidade total e vigor pelo Teste de Termoresistência (TTR), motilidade progressiva pelo sistema computadorizado CASA (Computer Assisted Sêmen Anlyses) e integridade da membrana espermática, do acrossoma e funcionalidade de mitocôndria por microscopia de epifluorescência. O diluente Botu-crio® preservou melhor os valores de motilidade e vigor e a integridade de membrana plasmática, pós-descongelamento. Não houve diferença significativa entre as raças quanto à motilidade total e vigor no sêmen fresco, bem como para a análise desses parâmetros no Teste de Termoresistência pós-descongelamento. Garanhões da raça Quarto de Milha apresentaram percentual maior de defeitos maiores na análise de patologia espermática.

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ResumoCom o objetivo de caracterizar morfologicamente a cérvix de ovelhas visando ajudar na compreensão desta estrutura e conseqüentemente melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva da espécie, 22 cérvices de ovelhas não gestantes, da raça Santa Inês, com média de idade de 3,3±1,1 anos e pesando entre 28 e 35 kg foram avaliadas macro e microscopicamente. Encontrou-se um comprimento de cérvix, de 6,2±0,99cm apresentando-se com 6,11±0,43 projeções circulares. Microscopicamente, apresentou uma camada de epitélio simples cilíndrico, seguida de uma camada de tecido conjuntivo frouxo (1,5±0,27mm) e uma camada de tecido muscular liso (4,5±1,23 mm) no sentido circular. Após a camada muscular da mucosa, há uma camada de tecido muscular, no sentido longitudinal (7,5±0,63mm). E finalmente, há uma camada serosa (10±2,15 mm) formada por fibras de tecido conjuntivo frouxo.Conclui-se que a cérvix de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês é delimitada por anéis

RESUMOAvaliou-se o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) sobre a qualidade do corpo lúteo e do embrião e sobre a concentração de progesterona (P 4 ), em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês doadoras de embriões. Foram utilizadas 13 doadoras, distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, G1 (n=7) e G2 (n=6 No sexto dia após a primeira cobrição, foram avaliadas, por laparoscopia, a resposta superovulatória e a quantidade e a qualidade dos corpos lúteos. Após as avaliações, as colheitas embrionárias foram realizadas por laparotomia. A administração da rbST no protocolo de superovulação promoveu aumento significativo (P<0,05) no número de corpos lúteos do tipo I (9,00 x 5,28) e na qualidade embrionária (4,33 x 2,00). Palavras-chave: ovelha, embrião, GH ABSTRACTWe evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the quality of the corpus luteum and embryo and on the concentration of progesterone (P 4

Background: Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira spp. and it is considered one of the main causes of reproductive problems in cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and identify the prevalent serovars and risk factors associated with infection in cattle herds, in the microregion of Floriano, Piaui State, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results:A total of 414 bovine sera samples were collected (390 females aged over 24 months and 24 bulls) from 22 properties (farms) in the municipalities that compose the study area. The samples were analyzed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies from 23 pathogenic serovars. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied in each farm to evaluate the risk factors, using a univariate analysis of the variables of interest, by Pearson's Chi-square test (χ 2 ) or Fisher's exact test, when it was necessary. Then, each independent variable was crossed with the dependent variable and those that presented statistical significance <0.20 were selected for multivariate analysis, using logistic regression, adopting a significance level of 5%. This research identified 143 positive animals (MAT> 1: 100) in the 22 evaluated farms; all of them had at least one positive animal, resulting in a prevalence of 34.54%, with 32,8% females (136) and 1,7% males (07), and 8,93% (37) of co-agglutination. Nineteen of the 23 tested serovars were identified; among them, Icterohaemorrhagiae (42.48%), Hardjo (31.2%), Pomona (4.3%), and Castellonis (4.3%) stood out. Absence of quarantine (OR = 16.172, P = 0.024), vaccination (OR = 0.090, P = 0.037) and isolation of diseased animals (OR = 0.006, P = 0.030) were identified, by the multivariate logistic regression analysis, as risk factors for any serovar of Leptospira spp. Discussion:The results of the present study showed that leptospirosis is present in all studied municipalities, in which the prevalence may be related to the variety of factors that influence the occurrence of the disease, such as climatic and environmental conditions, transit of animal, practices of management adopted in the herd, and the lack of information about the disease. The occurrence of co-agglutination can be explained by the possibility of multiple and concomitant contaminations with several serovars. Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most prevalent serovar, which has significant importance to public health since it is considered the main serovar of leptospirosis in humans, associated with the presence of rodents. On the other hand, the serovar Hardjo is related to the chronic leptospirosis in cattle, demonstrated through reproductive problems. The serovars Castellonis and Pomona were also observed in bovine herds, suggesting a possible transmission of the microorganism between animal species, probably due to exposure to the same sources of infection. In fact, the large number of serovarieties of Leptospira spp. indicates the pres...

The growing number of resistant bacteria is considered a worldwide public health problem. In this context, several control initiatives have been proposed, such as the elaboration of medicines from vegetable raw material as an alternative to fight against microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which is related to approximately 50% of hospital infections. α-Pinene is found in the oils of many coniferous tree species and has antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. The positive enantiomer of this compound (+)-α-pinene (+ AP), also called 4,6,6trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-ene, obtained from the company Sigma-Aldrich do Brasil Ltda. The solutions were dissolved in 1% Tween 80 and 5% DMSO and sterile distilled water was used to achieve desired concentrations. The tests were performed on the Escherichia coli strain ATTC 25922. To perform the modulation and adaptation tests, discs containing commercial antibiotics (ATM) were used. The modulating action of monoterpene was determined by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobials Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin, Cefepime and Cefoxitin demonstrated synergism through association with phytoconstituent. For the remaining ATM, there was no statistically significant difference, and the effect of the association was classified as indifferent. It is concluded that

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