-The intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and energetic balance were evaluated in sheep diets consisting of hay from Tifton 85 grass at two ages of regrowth (28 and 42 days) and hay from leucaena at 40 days of regrowth, in the proportions of 20 and 40%. Twenty Santa Inês sheep, kept in metabolic cages, were used in a randomised block design according to body weight. The hay from the Tifton 85 grass, processed at 28 days of regrowth, resulted in a higher CP intake than when processed at 42 days of regrowth. There was higher protein intake for the 40% proportion of leucaena hay in relation to that of 20%, regardless of the regrowth age of the grass. Diets containing Tifton 85 grass processed at 28 days resulted in greater values for both DE and ME. There was greater intake, absorption and urinary excretion of N, and a lower N faecal to N urinary ratio, with diets containing Tifton 85 grass processed at 28 days, as well as with those diets containing 40% leucaena hay. When formulating sheep diets containing hay from Tifton 85 grass processed at 28 days of regrowth and combined with 20% hay from leucaena, the grass, despite showing good energetic value, is not enough to provide full use of the nitrogen available to the ruminant, making it necessary need to find combinations with concentrated food sources which are able to optimise the use of nitrogen, reduce environmental impact and maximise sheep production. RESUMO -Avaliou-se o consumo, a digestibilidade e o balanço de nitrogênio e energético de dietas para ovinos constituídas por feno de capim-Tifton 85 em duas idades de rebrota (28 e 42 dias) e feno de leucena aos 40 dias de rebrota, nas proporções 20 e 40%. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, em gaiolas de metabolismo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, quanto ao peso vivo. O feno de capim-Tifton 85 processado aos 28 dias de rebrota resultou em maior consumo de PB que aos 42 dias de rebrota. Houve maior consumo de proteína quando da proporção 40% de feno de leucena em relação a 20%, independente da idade de rebrota da gramínea. As dietas contendo feno de capim-Tifton 85 processado aos 28 dias resultaram em maior valor para ED e EM. Houve maior ingestão, absorção e excreção urinária de N e menor relação N fecal /N urinário para as dietas contendo feno de capim-Tifton 85 processado aos 28 dias, assim como para as dietas contendo 40% de feno de leucena. Quando da formulação de dietas para ovinos contendo feno de capim-Tifton 85 processado aos 28 dias de rebrotação associado a 20% feno de leucena, embora a gramínea apresente bom valor energético, este não é suficiente para propiciar o aproveitamento do nitrogênio disponível ao ruminante, do que resulta necessidade de se buscar associação com fontes de alimentos concentrados capazes de otimizar o aproveitamento do nitrogênio, reduzir o impacto ambiental e potencializar a produção de ovinos.Palavras-chave: Balanço de nutrientes. Consumo voluntário. Cynodon spp. Digestibilidade. Leucaena leucocephala.
RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de tratamentos alcalinos por amonização com ureia a 2, 4 e 6% e por NaOH ou Ca(OH)2
A formulation of tomato sauce-based tomato extract was processed in order to determine the shelf life of products stored at different temperatures. Were processed three pots of the same formulation of the sauce by cooking, the following steps: raw materials, washing of packaging, weighing ingredients, formulation, mixing, heating (up to 85 ° C in the geometric point), filling (hot fill) lock, the cover sterilization, labeling, storage (half of the processing environment at T ° C 26-32 ° C and the other half refrigerated 6-8 ° C) and distribution.Throughout the processing and / or after obtaining the final product, three types of evaluations were performed: physical-chemical determinations (pH, acidity, vitamin C, total soluble solids), microbiological and sensory tests. According to the results, the tomato mixture showed good stability with respect to microbiological, physicochemical sensorial features, can be stored and sold at room temperature, with a shelf life of up to 28 days.
Efeito do tamanho de partícula sobre a degradação ruminal do feno do restolho da cultura do girassol* Effect of the particle size on ruminal degradation of sunflower crop stubble hay
The production of goat milk can become an important tool in the politics of food production and food security, thus suggesting the development of new products to add value and increase its acceptance, for example, kefir is a drink made from fermented milk at room temperature. Considering the potential about the goat milk like a food, this work was developed to create a fermented product (Kefir) with base in goat milk and to evaluate their physical-chemical characteristics and acceptance. The pasteurized goat milk received the addition of kefir unhydrated grain. Analysis of pH, acidity, humidity, ask and density, were realized. The tests were realized with sixty people that tried about preference and intention buy test with a prefer scale. Four formulations were tested, one with a natural (A) savor and three with strawberry savor with different concentrations: (B, C and D) 30, 40 and 50 %. The preference between the samples were analyzed with statistics using the variance (ANOVA) and the average comparison was determined using the Tukey Test for average comparison a level of 5 %. The results showed that had a great acceptance wish the strawberry savor (D), but some opposition about the goat milk odor.
Resumo O suporte alimentar dos rebanhos da Região Nordeste está garantido no período chuvoso. Contudo, ao longo do período seco, que geralmente compreende a maior parte do ano, são observadas perdas substanciais na qualidade e disponibilidade de forragem no pasto nativo, que reflete diretamente na produtividade dos rebanhos. A busca por alternativas de volumosos na época da estação seca, que sejam economicamente viáveis, tem levado muitos pecuaristas a utilizarem a leucena em associação com feno de capim-Tifton 85 na alimentação de ruminantes, são alternativas estudadas e citadas na literatura, não somente devido às vantagens agronômicas que a leucena oferece, resposta positiva no desempenho e produtividade nos rebanhos nordestinos, mediante a sua utilização. Esta revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com o objetivo de discutir as características nutricionais da leucena e
ResumoAvaliou-se o valor nutritivo, quanto à composição bromatológica e degradação in situ da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), fatorial 2 x 2 (feno de capim- Londrina, V. 6, N. 10, Ed. 197, Art. 1322, 2012 muito solúvel (fração a=33,59%) e pouco degradável in situ (fração b=32,59%), no entanto, as estimativas de degradação potencial às taxas de passagem 2, 5 e 8%h -1 , para os níveis de consumo alimentar baixo, médio e alto, de 60,07; 54,25 e 50,53%, respectivamente. O feno de leucena promove aumento no teor de proteina bruta, incrementando o teor de PB, a degradabilidade in situ e a cinética de degradação da MS, PB e FDN com 40% do feno de leucena. Termos para indexação: composição bromatológica, degradação in situ,Leucaena leucocephala. Rumen degradability in situ forage diet for Ruminants Formed by HaysTifton 85 and Leucena SummaryWe evaluated the nutritional value, as the chemical composition and in situ degradation of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. We The Leucaena hay promotes an increase in protein content, increasing the CP SANTANA, Y.A.G. et al. Degradabilidade ruminal in situ de dietas volumosas para ruminantes constituídas pelos fenos de capim-tifton 85 e de leucena. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 6, N. 10, Ed. 197, Art. 1322, 2012 content, the in situ and the kinetics of degradation of DM, CP, and 40%
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