This paper presents the comparative study of design efficiency of two different brands of products, performing the same function using the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) method. The study aims to compare the products on the relative design efficiency. The DFMA method was used as it is a well-established technique for improving the efficiency of the product leading to minimizing production costs. It also shortens product development time by reducing the number of components in a product. The study used two different brands of dry iron as a case study. The result shows that the percentage of the design efficiency of dry iron A is 8.82%, whereas it is 10.34% of dry iron B. Thus, the dry iron B is much better as compared to A in term of its assembly operation and design efficiency. Therefore, the dry iron B is greener than dry iron A. Furthermore, a redesign of dry iron B was proposed and analyzed for the internal validation. The DFMA analysis result shows that the percentage of design efficiency of a new conceptual design of dry iron B increased to 18.08%. The application of the DFMA method to enhance the eco-friendliness of a product has been proven to be highly useful in design work.
Abstract. The issue of global warming has pushed the effort of researchers not only to find alternative renewable energy, but also to improve the machine's energy efficiency. This includes the utilization of waste energy into 'useful energy'. For a vehicle using internal combustion engine (ICE), the waste energy produce by exhaust gas can be utilize to 'useful energy' up to 34%. The energy from the automotive exhaust can be harness by implementing heat pipe heat exchanger in the automotive system. In order to maximize the amount of waste energy that can be turned to 'useful energy', the used of appropriate fluid in the heat exchanger is important. In this study, the fluid used is water, thus converting the fluid into steam and thus drive the turbine that coupling with generator. The paper will explore the performance of a naturally aspirated spark ignition (S.I.) engine equipped with waste heat recovery mechanism (WHRM) that used water as the heat absorption medium. The experimental and simulation test suggest that the concept is thermodynamically feasible and could significantly enhance the system performance depending on the load applied to the engine.
An energy audit was conducted on a university building located within the main campus of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Melaka, Malaysia. Some of the physical parameters particularly energy consumption, air velocity, airflow, operating temperature, relative humidity and lighting intensity were compared to the Malaysian Standards 1525:2014. This work aims at understanding the comfort level of the occupants and investigates the impact of lighting changes to the overall energy consumption. Based on the data collected, the team could estimate the current energy consumption for all floors. As expected, the air conditioning recorded the highest rate consumption at 72% of electricity usage in the building, followed by the consumption of lighting at 18% and other equipment only 10%. The average operating temperature was recorded at 22.758°C, which is less than that of the recommended range of 24°C - 26°C The average humidity was about 68.31% while the average lighting intensity was recorded at 461.422 lux. Additionally, the Building Energy Index (BEI) for the 2016-2017 period is 128.53 kWh/m²/year and 137.55 kWh/m²/year for 2017/2018. BEI values in 2017-2018 were a little higher than that specified in MS 1525:2014 Standards, which is 135 kWh/m²/year.
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