Compress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel.
Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in the understanding and development of Hybrid Conductive Composite (HCC) to be used as bipolar plate, one of the most important components in Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The formation processes of HCC and loading ratios of composite have significant effects on their properties especially electrical and mechanical properties. Thus, the research focuses on Graphite (Gr) as a filler and Stannum (Sn) as a binder in fabrication of HCC as a bipolar plate. The fabrication process began with Gr and Sn needed to dry mixed used ball mill with several ratios of loading, which are 60/40, 70/30 and 80/20 respectively. The shape of this composite was molded with a diameter of 25 mm through hot compression machine to form discs. The effect of different loadings on the properties such as electrical conductivity, bulk density and microstructure were observed and confirmed to be able to meet the DOE target properties as PEMFC bipolar plates. The result showed that Gr/Sn composite with 20 wt% Sn had the highest electrical conductivity which was 720 S/cm. In the other side, the bulk density showed decrement as Sn contents increased from 1.71 to 1.48 g/cm3. The findings promise an enhanced performance of HCC as a bipolar plate to be used in PEMFC which is beneficial for mobile and portable application industry. A further study on agglomeration and the mechanical properties such as the flexure strength and hardness should be pursued.
Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge (DBD) plasma actuators are one of the recent research topics that has caught worldwide attention. Plasma actuators are typically used in the aerospace field of study for their flow control and wide usage of different types of plasma actuators. DBD plasma actuator is an immobile actuator that able to be utilized for its flexibility and light weight parts. Due to the wide usage of DBD plasma, it is also able to be useful in the field of combustion in terms of air flow control. In this research, the DBD plasma actuator is tested on its ability to be applied in micro combustors based on the air flow controlling aspect, the temperature of plasma and effects of vibration of plasma. Experiments were performed in the wind tunnel with smoke generator to show the flow separation by DBD plasma actuator while infrared camera and accelerometer were used to sense the temperature and vibration respectively to investigate the effects of DBD plasma actuator on these aspects. Results shows that the plasma generated has minimal effects of the flow characteristics whereas the temperature of plasma has a maximum of 90?celcius when it is generated continuously. The vibration results indicate that generating plasma produces a small amount of vibration.
Micro power generation system is a field of study that has come into interest by many researchers due to the strong demands for low weight and long-life power sources of electronic devices. These has led to the increasement of meso and micro-scale combustion investigations. In order to fully understand more on this field of study, a numerical stimulation is utilized to investigate the effect of heat recirculation on the blowout limit for micro combustion. Four different combination of tube combustors is used to investigate their blowout limit such as quartz-brass tube combustion combination for unburned-burned region of micro combustor tube. The combination of tube combustors is then investigated using three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation. The results suggested that by utilizing brass tube on either region of unburned or burned tube is able to improve the value of heat conducted on inner wall of via inner wall of the tube greatly. Due to the conductivity of brass tube is much larger than quartz tube, the improvement is expected.
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