A review of compressed-air hybrid technology in vehicle system

Wasbari, Faizil; Bakar, Rosli Abu; Gan, L. M.; Tahir, Musthafah Mohd; Yusof, Ahmad Anas

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.039

Cited by 68 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Experimental measurements for the temperature of exhaust air of CAE with K‐type thermocouple showed that the average exhaust air temperature was 24°C, which is colder than the ambient air and help in reducing the global warming. CAE probably give rotation speed and output power as high as conventional internal combustion engine at high compressed air pressure about 250 bar …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAE probably give rotation speed and output power as high as conventional internal combustion engine at high compressed air pressure about 250 bar. 35 Table 2 shows a comparison between the traditional Dayun internal combustion engine operated with gasoline and the modified Dayun engine operated with compressed air as a fuel. Due to the CAE operated under low pressure of 8 bar, the output power is considered very low.…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation and implementation of compressed air powered motorbike engines

Nabil

2019

Engineering Reports

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Over the last decades, fossil fuel resources have become very limited due to their tremendous use. Our dependence on fossil fuels has brought many environmental complications, but vehicles using compressed air as a fuel are still considered a dream. The compressed air engine (CAE) is receiving attention worldwide because it has the advantage of being renewable and has zero exhaust emissions. Motorbike engines have the highest percentage emissions of any fuel operated engines. Currently, in Egypt, there are more than 3 million motorcycles (motorbikes and covered three‐wheeled motorbikes called tuktuk) powered by fossil fuels. This paper provides an overview of air power engine for motorcycles, called air bikes. The objective is to modify the four stroke petrol engine into a CAE by replacing the spark plug by solenoid valve and using the infrared modules for piston timing. A prototype of an air powered motorbike engine is implemented by modification of an 150 cm3 Dayun petrol engine. The modified CAE speed is 300 rpm at 8 bar air pressure with 7.8 Nm torque and 245 watt power. The efficiency of the CAE reaches 9.6%. Yet, due to low‐pressure value utilization, the performance of the investigated CAE is still so poor that it clearly has a minor impact in motive power and hinders its commercialization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and implementation of compressed air powered motorbike engines

Nabil

2019

Engineering Reports

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“…The pressure of air in a vehicle cylinder can reach 30 MPa of storage pressure for higher energy storage density in a limited volume, so multi-stage reciprocating compressors are normally adopted. The pressure used for a large scale CAES system is about 8 MPa, for which multi-stage compressors are used, and normally combined axial flow compressors and centrifugal compressors are selected [22,23]. Similarly, the steam turbines in Huntorf are used for the first-level expansion from 4.6 MPa to 1.1 MPa; and gas turbines are utilized for the second-level expansion from 1.1 MPa to atmospheric pressure, in which the working medium is flue gas generated from the combustion of the air and fuel.…”

Section: (1) Compressors and Expandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Compressed Air Energy Storage and Technology Development

et al. 2017

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With the increase of power generation from renewable energy sources and due to their intermittent nature, the power grid is facing the great challenge in maintaining the power network stability and reliability. To address the challenge, one of the options is to detach the power generation from consumption via energy storage. The intention of this paper is to give an overview of the current technology developments in compressed air energy storage (CAES) and the future direction of the technology development in this area. Compared with other energy storage technologies, CAES is proven to be a clean and sustainable type of energy storage with the unique features of high capacity and long-duration of the storage. Its scale and cost are similar to pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS), thus CAES has attracted much attention in recent years while further development for PHS is restricted by the availability of suitable geological locations. The paper presents the state-of-the-art of current CAES technology development, analyses the major technological barriers/weaknesses and proposes suggestions for future technology development. This paper should provide a useful reference for CAES technology research and development strategy.

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“…The compressed air systems allow the energy recovery in the form of pressure, which can be applied as an extra energy source to the combustion engines, which characterizes a hybrid engine [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The angular position used (6), which determines the linear position of the cylinder CG in function of the crank's rotational angle. Thus, the kinetic energy of the monocylinder is given by…”

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confidence: 99%

SDRE Control Applied to the Wheel Speed of a Compressed Air Engine with Crank-Connecting-Rod Mechanism

Alves

Tusset

Balthazar

et al. 2017

Shock and Vibration

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Renewable energy sources for vehicles have been the motivation of many researches around the world. The reduction of fossil fuels deposits and increase of the pollution in cities bring the need of more efficient and cleaner energy sources. In this way, this work will present the application of a compressed air engine applied to a bicycle. The engine is composed of two pneumatic cylinders connected to the bicycle wheel through a crank-connecting-rod mechanism. In order to control the velocity of the bicycle, a strategy of control composed of two controls was implemented: a feedback and a feedforward control. For feedback control, the StateDependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) control and also a proportional-derivative (PD) control are considered, considering three cases for velocity bicycle variation: 10 km/h, 20 km/h, and 30 km/h. The equations of motion of the system were obtained through the Lagrangian energy method. Numerical simulations were performed in order to analyze the dynamics of the system and the efficiency of the controllers.

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A review of compressed-air hybrid technology in vehicle system

Cited by 68 publications

References 40 publications

Investigation and implementation of compressed air powered motorbike engines

Investigation and implementation of compressed air powered motorbike engines

Overview of Compressed Air Energy Storage and Technology Development

SDRE Control Applied to the Wheel Speed of a Compressed Air Engine with Crank-Connecting-Rod Mechanism

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