Objective This study aimed to reveal the relationship between obesity and asprosin (fibrillin‐1) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and to investigate the role of asprosin in obesity etiopathogenesis. Methods The study included 37 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity and 37 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis in the study and control groups, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the patients in the preoperative period to measure biochemical parameters. Blood samples were collected at 6 months postoperatively from the patients in the study group to compare their pre‐ and postoperative serum asprosin levels. Results A significant intergroup difference in terms of mean asprosin levels in adipose tissue was noted (p = 0.001). A comparison of preoperative and postoperative 6‐month serum asprosin levels in the study group showed significant differences (p = 0.021). The area under the curve of asprosin tissue levels was 78.1%, and the cutoff value was 217.34 ng/g of protein, with a sensitivity and specificity of 73.0%. Tissue levels of asprosin were found to increase the risk of obesity by a factor of 1.018 (odds ratio; 95% CI: 1.008‐1.027). Conclusions Serum asprosin levels decreased significantly at 6 months after bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue of patients with obesity showed high asprosin levels and immunoreactivity. In conclusion, asprosin levels in adipose tissue were considered a potential independent risk factor in obesity etiopathogenesis.

The aim of the present study was to determine the histological structure and histochemical properties of the pancreatic ducts in the goose Anser anser. Pancreatic ducts of 6 male and 6 female geese were examined. Crossman's triple stain and Masson's trichrome stain were used for histological examination, and periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue, and aldehyde fuchsin/alcian blue stainings were performed for histochemical examination. Dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts were found that transfer pancreatic secretion into the duodenum of the goose, and these channels were found to have a histologically similar structure. No differences were detected between male and female geese. Duct wall was observed to consist of mucosa, muscle, and adventitial layers. In addition to dark principal, light and basal cells were observed in a simple columnar epithelium layer lining the duct. Glands, including centroacinar cells, were also detected in all layers of duct. Furthermore, lymphoid follicles were observed in the connective tissue of the mucosa. Sulfated and carboxylated mucosubstance-secreting cells were found in the duct as well as neutral, acidic, and mixed mucosubstance-secreting cells. We conclude that the results of our study may contribute to future studies.

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to examine the histometrical and histological structures of goose (Anser anser) spleen.Six healthy female geese were used as material. Tissue samples taken from the spleen were processed routinely, and were then stained with H&E, Crossman's Triple stain and Toluidine blue stain. The spleen surrounded by capsules composed of connective tissue and parts of the capsules were observed increasingly thinning into the spleen as trabeculae. The red pulp area was distinguishable from the white pulp inside the organ; further, the lymph follicles appeared clearly within the white pulp. Histometric measurements revealed that the thickness of the capsules surrounding the organ ranged from 18 to 28 µm. The average thickness of the capsules was measured as 22 µm. The average number of lymph follicles was found to be 2.4 in 1.07 mm 2 . The average width and length of the lymph follicles were measured as 113 µm and 144 µm, respectively.The average diameter of the mast cells was found to be 6 µm. The average number of mast cells was found to be 1.4 in 1.07 mm 2 . Although the histological structures of the geese spleens seemed very similar to those of other animals in several respects, but some specific properties of geese spleens being more similar to that of mammalians were also observed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative differences of eggshell structure between geese and chickens during embryonic development by SEM. Goose eggs and chicken eggs were used for the study. Eggs of each species were divided into three groups: The eggs within first group were used subsequent to collection, those of second group were collected during the mid-point of incubation and those of third group were collected at the end of the incubation. The eggshells samples with dimensions of 0.5 cm 2 were taken from the equatorial region of eggshells. After these samples were passed through routine process, they were examined via SEM for structural changes of eggshells and rate of elements. In the examination, there were not changes of eggshell structure between two species for days of the incubation. Eggshells thickness of each species and the rate of calcium, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon of eggshells were not statistically different among groups. It was concluded that structural changes of eggshell did not have significant effect on low yield for hatching of goose. Keywords: Calcium, Chicken, Eggshell, Embryo, Goose Kaz (Anser anser) ve Tavuk (Gallus gallus domesticus) Yumurta Kabuğunun Embriyonik Gelişim Sırasında Taramalı Elektron Mikroskop ile Karşılaştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmada, taramalı electron mikroskop kullanılarak embriyonik gelişim sırasında kaz ve tavukların yumurta kabuğundaki değişiklikleri karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kaz ve tavuk yumurtası kullanılmıştır. Her iki türe ait yumurtalar üç gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba ait yumurta kabukları kuluçkaya konulmadan, ikinci gruba ait yumurta kabukları kuluçka süresinin ortasında ve üçüncü gruba ait olanlar ise kuluçkanın son günü olan çıkım gününde toplandı. Her bir yumurta kabuğunun ekvator kısmından 0,5 cm 2 ebatında örnekler alındı. Bu örnekler rutin prosedürlerden geçirildikten sonra taramalı elektron mikroskobunda yapısal değişiklikler ve element oranı bakımından incelendi. Elektron mikroskop incelemesinde, kaz ve tavuk türlerinin kuluçka günlerine bağlı olarak yumurta kabuğu katmanlarında belirgin bir değişikliğin olmadığı tespit edildi. Her iki türün kendi içinde kuluçka günlerine göre yumurta kalınlığında ve kabuklardaki elementlerin oranlarında istatistiksel olarak benzerlik olduğu görüldü. Yumurta kabuğunun embriyonik gelişim boyunca uğradığı yapısal değişikliklerin kaz kuluçka veriminin düşük olmasında önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.