Omega-3 PUFA caused significant regression of endometriotic implants. Vitamin D has not been as effective as omega-3 PUFA on endometriosis.

Apelin is a peptide hormone defined as a ligand for G-protein clamped receptor (APJ) receptor. It is indicated in the literature both apelin and APJ are synthesized on the peripheral tissues including the renal tissues. Which roles does the apelin play on the renal tissue has not been completely illuminated yet. This study is designed to determine the possible protective effect of apelin-13 on the kidney I/R injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. In the sham group, right kidneys of the animals were dissected. In the I/R group, right kidney was dissected and ischemia of 45 min was performed, and then reperfusion was applied for 3 h. In the treatment groups, three different doses of apelin were injected at the beginning of the ischemia unlike the I/R group. BUN, Cre, Na, K, Cl, total protein and albumin from serum samples were determined and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TAS and TOS parameters were read with ELISA reader. MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activations from renal tissues were measured. In comparison with the sham and I/R groups, while the serum BUN, CRE, CI and TNF-α levels showed an increase in the groups on which the apelin-13 was applied, Na, total protein, albumin, TAS levels decreased. Serum TOS level of other groups showed an increase by comparison with the sham group. Our results showed that apelin-13 applied after I/R increased the antioxidant enzyme activity in a dose dependent manner, prevented the lipid oxidation and improved the renal functions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of chrysin on oxidative status and histological alterations against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney tissue in rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups; the control, chrysin (100 mg/kg), CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) and chrysin + CCl4 groups. Liver and kidney injuries were assessed by biochemical and histopathological examinations. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in tissues. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were also measured in blood samples. MDA, serum TNF-α, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher, and SOD activity and GSH level were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Treatment with chrysin in the chrysin + CCl4 group decreased MDA, AST, ALT, creatinine, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05), and increased SOD activity, GSH levels (p < 0.05), and serum TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). In addition, body weight change (BWC) (p < 0.05) and feed intake (FI) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Moreover, treatment with chrysin increased BWC and FI in the chrysin + CCl4 group compared with that in the CCl4 group. These findings also confirmed by histopathological examination. The chrysin treatment ameliorated the CCl4-induced biochemical and pathological alterations. These results demonstrated that chrysin provided amelioration on the rat liver and kidney tissues CCl4-induced injury by increasing the antioxidant activity.

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INTRoDuCTIoN: In paediatric cases, trauma remains the most cause of morbidity and disability. Although abdominal trauma is observed less frequently in paediatric cases than isolated head trauma, it is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Previous studies at the national level have either focused on blunt abdominal trauma in all age groups or other traumas at paediatric level. The studies targeting solely paediatric abdominal blunt trauma cases have not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyse and report the demographic characteristics, causes of trauma, developed pathologies, treatment approaches, and mortality rates in patients presenting to our emergency department with blunt abdominal trauma. MATeRIAl AND MeTHoDS: The present study was designed as a retrospective study of 36 paediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Kars Harakani State Hospital with blunt abdominal trauma between 2018 and 2019. ReSulTS: In the abdominal region, the most commonly injured organ was the liver (22 cases, 52.4%), while 13 (31%) cases had splenic trauma. Thirty-one (73.8%) patients had other body injuries in addition to the abdominal trauma, the most common of which were fractures (15 patients, 35.7%) and lung traumas (12 patients, 28.6%). CoNCluSIoNS: The organs that are damaged during the injury and the parameters that can be used to detect them provide important data for the rapid interference and treatment of life-threatening situations.

Objective This study aimed to reveal the relationship between obesity and asprosin (fibrillin‐1) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and to investigate the role of asprosin in obesity etiopathogenesis. Methods The study included 37 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity and 37 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis in the study and control groups, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the patients in the preoperative period to measure biochemical parameters. Blood samples were collected at 6 months postoperatively from the patients in the study group to compare their pre‐ and postoperative serum asprosin levels. Results A significant intergroup difference in terms of mean asprosin levels in adipose tissue was noted (p = 0.001). A comparison of preoperative and postoperative 6‐month serum asprosin levels in the study group showed significant differences (p = 0.021). The area under the curve of asprosin tissue levels was 78.1%, and the cutoff value was 217.34 ng/g of protein, with a sensitivity and specificity of 73.0%. Tissue levels of asprosin were found to increase the risk of obesity by a factor of 1.018 (odds ratio; 95% CI: 1.008‐1.027). Conclusions Serum asprosin levels decreased significantly at 6 months after bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue of patients with obesity showed high asprosin levels and immunoreactivity. In conclusion, asprosin levels in adipose tissue were considered a potential independent risk factor in obesity etiopathogenesis.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Accidental head injuries are known to cause serious traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children younger than 2 years of age build a separate group that is more difficult to assess clinically. Investigations targeting TBIs in pediatric cases, particularly in those between 0 and 2 years of age, are limited. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> In this study, we reviewed a number of severe accidental head injuries in a cohort of children aged 0–2 years to evaluate the relative incidence, distribution, and clinical success in determining the nature of the cases in the Kars Province of Turkey. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study targeted 26 ­cases who presented to the Emergency Department of Kars Harakani Hospital for TBI between 2017 and 2019 through retrospective chart review. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> Among the children who presented to the emergency clinic, 2 were newborns, 7 were &#x3c;1 year of age, and the remaining 17 cases were between 1 and 2 years old. The number of male and female patients was equal, and 5 fatality cases were observed. The most frequent cause of head trauma were falls. We deduced that 6 cases had subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 cases had subdural hemorrhage, 3 cases had epidural hemorrhage, and 4 cases had contusion. We compared the mean level of the two blood parameters hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) between fatal and surviving cases and detected<i></i>that both values decreased dramatically in exitus cases. The higher fatality rate in the present study could be attributed to the fact that we targeted only the severe TBI cases. Severe TBI in children younger than 2 years results in a life-threating situation. The risk of fatality might be deduced from the reduction of the HGB and HCT levels as it is significantly lower in fatal cases than in surviving cases.

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