Background Clinical benefits of local antibiotics as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of peri‐implantitis have been widely reported, but most studies evaluated incipient peri‐implantitis lesions, and showed incomplete treatment success rates. Purpose To assess the clinical and microbiological outcomes of administering metronidazole in combination with minocycline as a local adjunct to the nonsurgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. Materials and methods One hundred and eighteen subjects with peri‐implantitis were recruited in a four‐center, three‐arm, and 12‐week randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: (a) MM—mechanical debridement + metronidazole‐minocycline ointment, (b) MC—mechanical debridement + minocycline ointment, (c) NST—mechanical debridement only. Results Except for four subjects who was excluded during the trial, a total of 114 patients with 114 implants (one implant per each patient) finally completed the trial and were included in the analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the treatment success rates (absence of bleeding or suppuration on probing, and sites showing pocket probing depth [PPD] ≥5 mm) on at 12 weeks were higher in MM‐group patients (31.6%) and MC‐group patients (20.5%) compared to NST‐group patients (2.7%; p = 0.011 and 0.040, respectively). Subjects with deepest PPD ≥8 mm showed a significant difference in the PPD reduction between MM and MC groups at week 4 (p = 0.025) and week 12 (p = 0.047). Detection ratio of Tannerella forsythia was significantly lower for MM group than MC group (p = 0.038). Conclusions Additive use of either MM or MC results in significantly higher treatment success rates compared to sole mechanical debridement in nonsurgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. Moreover, MM contributes to a significantly greater reduction in the PPD compared to MC in deep pockets (cris.nih.go.kr KCT0004557).

Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects, including cardiovascular and hepatic disorders. Studies suggest that mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are important mediators of toxicity, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified that some NSAIDs, including diclofenac, inhibit autophagic flux in hepatocytes. Further detailed studies demonstrated that diclofenac induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent increase in lysosomal pH, attenuated cathepsin activity and blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The reactivation of lysosomal function by treatment with clioquinol or transfection with the transcription factor EB restored lysosomal pH and thus autophagic flux. The production of mitochondrial ROS is critical for this process since scavenging ROS reversed lysosomal dysfunction and activated autophagic flux. The compromised lysosomal activity induced by diclofenac also inhibited the fusion with and degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Diclofenac-induced cell death and hepatotoxicity were effectively protected by rapamycin. Thus, we demonstrated that diclofenac induces the intracellular ROS production and lysosomal dysfunction that lead to the suppression of autophagy. Impaired autophagy fails to maintain mitochondrial integrity and aggravates the cellular ROS burden, which leads to diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity.

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We propose a computer-aided classification system for distinguishing fp-AML from ccRCC using machine learning classifiers with quantitative texture features. Our contribution is to investigate the proper combination between the quantitative features and classification systems on the CE MDCT images. In experiments, it can be demonstrated that (a) the features based on histogram characteristics on bright intensity region and texture patterns on inhomogeneity inside masses were selected as key features to classify fp-AML and ccRCC, and (b) the proper combination of feature selection and classification methods achieved high performance in differentiating benign from malignant masses. The proposed classification system can be used to assess the useful features associated with the malignancy for renal masses in CE MDCT images.

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Formaldehyde is a low molecular weight chemical and can elicit acute and chronic health related problems. Most of the inhaled formaldehyde is retained in the upper respiratory tract due to its extraordinary solubility. Therefore, cases of formaldehyde-induced occupational asthma are sporadic despite its widespread use in industrial processes. We herein report upon a case of occupational asthma due to formaldehyde, which was confirmed by workplace challenge including working environmental assessments, and by formaldehyde inhalation challenge using a specially designed closed-circuit apparatus. To investigate the possible involvement of an IgE-mediated mechanism, both in vitro and in vivo tests were done. IgE antibody specific for formaldehyde-human serum albumin conjugate (F-HSA) was not detected by ELISA, and no specific cutaneous reactivity to F-HSA was noted by either skin prick or intradermal test. The patient was diagnosed with formaldehyde-induced occupational asthma not associated with an IgE mediated mechanism.

We have developed a 4.1 inch AMOLED display with top emission structure on stainless steel foil. The p-channel TFTs on metal foil exhibited the field-effect mobility of 75.1 cm 2 /Vs, threshold voltage of -3.9V, and subthreshold swing of 0.9V/dec. Active-matrix back planes were fabricated with the poly-Si TFT with a conventional pixel circuit consisting of 2 TFTs and 1 cap. The scan driver circuits with PMOS were integrated on the metal foil.