RESUMOForam utilizados 36 cordeiros machos inteiros, sendo 24 da raça Santa Inês e 12 da raça Bergamácia, os quais entraram no experimento com 15kg e foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos grupos de peso ao abate (GPA) de 15, 25, 35 e 45kg. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o declínio do pH post-mortem, cor (CIE L*a*b*), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC) nos músculos longissimus dorsi (LD) e semimembranosus (SM). Os parâmetros estudados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. O valor de pH para ambos os músculos foi expresso através de equações de regressão do tipo exponencial, apresentando uma rápida queda nas primeiras horas, seguido de estabilização. No músculo LD foi encontrado que a glicólise desenvolveu-se mais rapidamente com o aumento do peso. A análise dos componentes da cor para ambos os músculos estudados apresentaram o mesmo comportamento. A raça Bergamácia apresentou maior índice de luminosidade (L*), ou seja, maior brilho. O valor de L* diminuiu, o teor de vermelho (a*) aumentou e o teor de amarelo (b*) diminuiu linearmente em relação ao aumento do peso. A análise geral dos componentes da cor indicou que a carne de cordeiro é mais escura com o aumento do peso. Os resultados das análise de PPC e FC foram similares entre as raças e GPA, os valores obtidos para PPC foram de 28,0±2,5% (LD) e 30,5±4,1% (SM), para FC foram de 2,6±0,6kg (LD) e 2,8±0,7kg (SM).Palavras-chave: cordeiro; carne; qualidade. SUMMARYEFFECT OF THE SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF BERGAMÁCIA AND SANTA INÊS LAMBS MEAT. Thirty-six whole male lambs were used, being twenty-four of Santa Inês breed and twelve of Bergamácia breed, which weighed 15kg at the very beginning of the experiment, and were randomized allocated into slaughtering weight groups (SWG) of 15, 25, 35 and 45kg. The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH post-mortem decline, color (CIEL* a* b*), cooking weight loss (CWL) and shearing force (SF) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles. The examined parameters were submitted to a regression analysis. The value of pH for both muscles was expressed by regression equation of exponential type, presenting a fast fall in the first hours, followed by stabilization. The LD muscle glycolisis rate was found to develop more quickly with an increase in weight. The analysis for color components for both examined muscles presented the same behavior. The breed Bergamacia presented larger index lightness (L*), that is to say, larger brilliance. The value of L* decreased, the red content (a*) increased and the yellow content (b*) linearly decreased as the weight increased. The general analysis for color components had indicated that lamb becomes darker with weight increase. The results of CWL and SF analyses were similar in both breeds and SWG, the values for CWL were 28.0±2.5% (LD) and 30.5±4.1% (SM) and for SF 2.6±0.6kg (LD) and 2.8±0.7kg.Keywords: lamb; meat; quality. -INTRODUÇÃONo Brasil, a maioria dos ovinos destinados ao abate são comercializados ...
RESUMO -Propôs-se avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade pH, cor, perda de peso por cozimento (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC) no músculo Longissimus dorsi (LD) e Semimembranosus (SM) de 13 cordeiros machos e 14 fêmeas Santa Inês puro (SI x SI) e o mesmo número de animais Texel x Santa Inês (T x SI), abatidos com 15, 25, 35 e 45 kg PV. A carcaça foi resfriada por 24 horas a 2ºC, realizando-se, durante este período, as medidas de pH. Retiraram-se os músculos LD e SM para as análises de cor, PPC e FC. Utilizou-se um DIC, fatorial 2x2x4, e as médias foram analisadas pelo Proc GLM do programa estatístico SAS. As medidas de pH foram analisadas em parcela subdividida. A queda do pH no LD e SM foi mais acentuada para os animais mais leves. A carne das fêmeas T x SI apresentou pH final maior que a dos machos e cordeiros SI x SI. A luminosidade diminuiu e a intensidade da cor vermelha elevou-se com o aumento do peso de abate. A carne dos machos e dos cordeiros SI x SI apresentou coloração mais vermelha e menos luminosa no LD e SM. A PPC foi menor na carne dos cordeiros mais pesados; no músculo LD, dos machos houve menor perda de água que nos das fêmeas. Os machos tiveram carne mais dura e, com o aumento do peso de abate, houve diminuição de FC, sendo maior para o T x SI para o músculo LD e Santa Inês puro para o músculo SM.Palavras-chave: ovinos, músculos, cor, cozimento, maciez, pH Quality of Meat Production of Purebred Santa Inês and Crossbred Texel x Santa InêsLambs at Different Slaughter Weights ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was analyze the colour, pH, weight loss by cooking (PPC) and shear force (FC) of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles of Santa Inês (SI x SI) and Texel x Santa Inês (T x SI) lambs, slaughtered at different live weights. Thirteen males and fourteen females were slaughtered at 15, 25, 35 and 45 of live weight. The carcasses were kept during twenty-four hours at 2 o C and during that time the pH was measured. A completely randomized design in a latin square (2x2x4) arrange for analyse of colour, PPC and FC was used. Split plot arranged was used for the pH values analysis. The decrease of pH of both muscles (LD and SM) was greater in the lighter animals. T x SI females meat showed higher pH values than SI x SI males lambs. The lightness values increased and darkness was lower when the slaughter weight increased. The muscles (LD and SM) of the SI x SI males were reader and darker. The PPC was lower in the heaviest animals and in the LD muscle it was lower in the female lambs. Male lambs muscles lost more water were harder than of the females muscles. The decrease of the FC was related to the increase in the slaughtering weight, and this effect was higher in the LD muscle of T x SI animals and in the SM muscle of the SI x SI animals.
RESUMO Performance of Santa Inês Lambs and its Crosses with Texel, Ile de France e Bergamacia LambsABSTRACT -The work was carried out to evaluate the effect of animal sex, genetic group and slaugher weight on fedlot lambs performance. One hundred and three male and female lambs, purebred Santa Inês (SS) and crosses between Santa Inês and Texel (TS), Ile de France (FS) and Bergamacia (BS) were fedlot in individual cages. Diet and orts were daily collected to calculate the intakes of dry matter (MS), metabolizable energy (EM), digestible protein (PD) and neutral fiber detergent (FDN). The lambs were slaughtered at four weights: 15, 25, 35 and 45 kg of live weight. Weight gain (GPD), number of days in confinement (ND), feed:gain ratio (CA) and intakes of MS, PD, EM and FD were analyzed during three growing phases: 15 to 25 kg (1), 25 to 35 kg (2) and 35 to 45 kg (3), for each genetic group and each sex. The slaughter age (IA) and the empty body weight (PCVZ) were also analyzed. At high weights, TS and FS male lambs showed inferior IA, and the female lambs, superior IA. ND of BS lambs from 35 to 45 kg was superior than TS lambs. From 35 to 45 kg, PCVZ of TS and FS lambs was inferior. The best GPD was observed for TS lambs, followed by FS and SS. The intakes of MS, PD, EM and FDN were similar among the genetic groups, during the phases 1 and 2. TS lambs intake tended to increase as body weight increased, whereas the other groups showed tended to decrease. CA increased as slaughter weight increased. The males did not show differences in CA among the genetic groups, but TS and FS females showed better results. At 35 and 45 kg, the females showed superior RC than the males. At 35 kg, the TS males showed better RC than the other groups.
RESUMO -Cento e três cordeiros, machos e fêmeas, Santa Inês puros (SS) e cruzas com Texel (TS), Alometric study of cuts and tissues of the carcass of purebred and crossbred Santa Inês lambsABSTRACT -This study was conducted using 103 male and female lambs from the following genetic groups: purebred Santa Inês (SS) and crossbreds of Santa Inês x Texel (TS), Santa Inês x Ile de France (FS), and Santa Inês x Bergamacia (BS).Animals were slaughtered at one of the following body weights: 15, 25, 35 or 45 kg. After slaughter and cooling of the carcasses, the following cuts were made: neck, rib/flank, short ribs, loin, blade, and hindlimb. The alometric growth of each cut in relation to the empty body weight (EBW) was measured. The alometric growth of the neck was isogonic (b=1) for most genetic groups and accompanied EBW growth. However, for BS lambs the growth was heterogonic (b>1) or slow growth. TS and FS male lambs showed slower neck growth rate compared to the BS lambs. The rib/flank had slow growth for all groups but TS and FS lambs showed greater growth rate than the SS animals. For males, the blade development followed the EBW while females had a slower growth rate. The development of short ribs and loin was slow for all groups, except on FS female lambs, in which both short ribs and loin growth followed that of EBW; the alometric coefficients obtained for short ribs were lower on FS female lambs compared to those of the remaining genetic groups. The development of hindlimb accompanied the EBW for SS, TS and FS males and also for FS female lambs.
RESUMO -Este trabalho foi conduzido para determinar a composição corporal e estimar as exigências de cálcio e fósforo de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês. Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros machos inteiros, com peso médio inicial de 15 kg, divididos em três grupos: seis animais abatidos no início do experimento, para avaliar o conteúdo de cálcio e fósforo corporal, servindo como animais referência para o método do abate comparativo; seis animais alimentados ad libitum; e seis com alimentação restrita (em nível de mantença + 20%). Os cordeiros que receberam dietas ad libitum e restritas entraram no experimento aos pares e foram abatidos concomitantemente, quando o primeiro atingiu 25 kg de peso vivo. A composição corporal foi estimada a partir de equações de regressão do logaritmo da quantidade de cálcio e fósforo presentes no corpo vazio, em função do logaritmo do peso corporal vazio. As exigências líquidas de mantença e o coeficiente de absorção destes minerais foram determinados a partir da correlação entre a quantidade de mineral ingerida e a quantidade retida no corpo, enquanto as exigências líquidas para o ganho em peso foram estimadas a partir da derivação de equações de predição da composição corporal. As exigências líquidas de mantença, para animais entre 15 e 25 kg de peso vivo, foram 305 mg de Ca/dia e 325 mg de P/dia e as exigências líquidas por kg de ganho de peso vivo, para animais com 15 e 25 kg de peso vivo, 11,41 e 10,33 g Ca e 5,72 e 4,94 g P, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de absorção encontrados neste trabalho foram 0,44 e 0,55 para Ca e P, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: cálcio, composição corporal, exigências nutricionais, fósforo, ovinos, Santa Inês Body Composition and Requirements for Calcium and Phosphorus for Gain and Maintenance of Santa Ines Lambs from 15 to 25 kg of Body WeightABSTRACT -The research was carried out to determine body composition and calcium and phosphorus requirements of Santa Ines lambs. Eighteen entire male lambs with average initial live weight of 15 kg were used. The animals were allotted to three groups: six animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, to access the amount of calcium and phosphorus present in the body, as reference animals for the comparative slaughter technique. Six animals were ad libitum fed and six were restrict fed (maintenance level plus 20%). The animals ad libitum and restrict fed started the experimental period by pairs and they were both slaughtered when the first reached 25 kg body weight. The body composition was estimated through the prediction equations obtained by regression of the logarithm of the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the empty body on the logarithm of the empty body weight. Net requirements for calcium and phosphorus for maintenance and the absorption coefficient were obtained through the correlation between the amount of each mineral consumed and retained in the animal body. The net requirements maintenance for live weight gain were obtained by means of derivation of the prediction of body composition equ...
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