PURPOSE A phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00628251 ) showed activity of olaparib capsules versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with germline BRCA-mutated platinum-resistant or partially platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. We conducted a phase III trial (SOLO3) of olaparib tablets versus nonplatinum chemotherapy in patients with germline BRCA-mutated platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer who had received at least 2 prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized, open-label trial, patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to olaparib 300 mg twice a day or physician’s choice single-agent nonplatinum chemotherapy (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, or topotecan). The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) in the measurable disease analysis set assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR). The key secondary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by BICR in the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS Of 266 randomly assigned patients, 178 were assigned to olaparib and 88 to chemotherapy. In patients with measurable disease (olaparib, n = 151; chemotherapy, n = 72), the BICR-assessed ORR was significantly higher with olaparib than with chemotherapy (72.2% v 51.4%; odds ratio [OR], 2.53 [95% CI, 1.40 to 4.58]; P = .002). In the subgroup who had received 2 prior lines of treatment, the ORR was 84.6% with olaparib and 61.5% with chemotherapy (OR, 3.44 [95% CI, 1.42 to 8.54]). BICR-assessed PFS also significantly favored olaparib versus chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.91]; P = .013; median, 13.4 v 9.2 months). Adverse events were consistent with the established safety profiles of olaparib and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Olaparib resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in ORR and PFS compared with nonplatinum chemotherapy in patients with germline BRCA-mutated platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer who had received at least 2 prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy.
We have developed a robust model to predict the risk of distant recurrence in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Further, we discussed how the selective enrichment of the patient population could facilitate clinical trials of systemic chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.
The aim of this review is to examine the current status of gynecological cancer in China focusing on epidemiological data. Epidemiological data on gynecological cancer in China is sparse. Therefore, most of the data were estimated via extrapolation based on a few available datasets. Cervical cancer is relatively rare and the incidence and mortality rate are largely decreasing. However, in young women, the incidence and mortality rates are increasing. The overall and age-specific incidence rates of cervical cancer appear to be varied according to geographical areas. The overall prevalence rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) in China is similar with other eastern Asian countries, but the age-specific HPV prevalence showed sustained high HPV prevalence rates in elderly women. There is not yet an established national program for cervical cancer prevention. The incidence rate of corpus and ovarian cancers in China slightly increased between 2000 and 2005, but is still lower than Japan or Korea. There is no reliable, national-level data on mortality rates of corpus and ovarian cancer in China. Breast cancer is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in China. The increase was sharper in young women than in elderly women. Both increased risk and change of population size/structure contributed to the increase of breast cancer.
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) are synthesized through the Stöber method by incorporating silane-modified organic dye molecules. The modified fluorescent organic dye molecule is able to be prepared by allylation and hydrosilylation reactions. The optical properties of as-prepared FSNPs are shown the similar optical properties of PR254A (allylated Pigment Red 254) and have outstanding photostability. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is introduced onto the surface of FSNP to enhance the binding affinity of PVP-coated FSNP for latent fingerprints (LFPs) detection. The simple preparation and easy control of surface properties of FSNPs show potential as a fluorescent labeling material for enhanced latent fingerprint detection on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates in forensic science for individual identification.
There is an immense
literature on detection of latent fingerprints
(LFPs) with fluorescent nanomaterials because fluorescence is one
of the most sensitive detection methods. Although many fluorescent
probes have been developed for latent fingerprint detection, many
challenges remain, including the low selectivity, complicated processing,
high background, and toxicity of nanoparticles used to visualize LFPs.
In this study, we demonstrate biocompatible, efficient, and low background
LFP detection with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) coated fluorescent
nanodiamonds (FNDs). PVP-coated FND (FND@PVP) is biocompatible at
the cellular level. They neither inhibit cellar proliferation nor
induce cell death via apoptosis or other cell killing pathways. Moreover,
they do not elicit an immune response in cells. PVP coating enhances
the physical adhesion of FND to diverse substrates and in particular
results in efficient binding of FND@PVP to fingerprint ridges due
to the intrinsic amphiphilicity of PVP. Clear, well-defined ridge
structures with first, second, and third-level of LFP details are
revealed within minutes by FND@PVP. The combination of this binding
specificity and the remarkable optical properties of FND@PVP permits
the detection of LPFs with high contrast, efficiency, selectivity,
sensitivity, and reduced background interference. Our results demonstrate
that background-free imaging via multicolor emission and dual-modal
imaging of FND@PVP nanoparticles have great potential for high-resolution
imaging of LFPs.
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