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This paper aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the air quality of Lahore city of Pakistan for the period 26th February, 2020 to 31st August, 2020. The study employs asymmetrical Granger causality tests for analyzing the effects of COVID-19 cases and deaths on particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emissions in the city. The results show positive shocks in COVID-19 cases and deaths improve the air quality of the city. This implies that the pandemic has lowered down environmental pressure in one of the top most polluted cities of the world. Further, the problem of hazardous air pollution in Lahore city is manmade mainly caused by everyday human activities. When these human activities were restricted owing to a rise in COVID-19 cases and deaths, the air pollution in the city resultantly reduces. Therefore, this study recommends controlling unnecessary production and consumption activities that degrades the environment so that air pollution in the city can be manageable after the COVID-19.

The current research aimed to ascertain the impact of the in-store factors on the impulse purchasing behavior of Pakistani' footwear consumer'. Do the in-store factors, store environment, store promotions, friendly employees, hedonic motivation, good mood, and impulse buying tendency influence the consumers when they visit the store or not? The research design took a deductive approach and survey strategy as methodological tools. The consumers of the footwear industry were approached and asked to complete the questionnaires. The study took a total sample size of 250. The recollected questionnaires were 218 out of 250, making it a response rate of 87 percent. The structural equation modeling technique (SEM) was used with AMOS's help to analyze the data. The finding elaborated on the positive and significant impact of all the in-store factors, like the atmosphere,friendly staff, sales, etc., on consumers' impulse buying behavior. The urge to buy impulsively plays a pivotal part in the in-store factors and impulse buying behavior. This study took the in-store factors of impulse buying behavior in Pakistan's footwear industry, which no researcher has studied until now.

This study, focusing on the longevity of large business organizations as a period of uninterrupted satisfactory financial market performance, has examined companies failing to demonstrate longevity, such as by being removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average index. The present research has performed group-and case-level longitudinal analyses of financial performance indicators.Afterwards, the qualitative longitudinal analyses were conducted based on primary qualitative data of sampled US organizations listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average index across 28 years (1986-2013). This study has found that, from a longitudinal perspective, negative inflection points of concerted declines in the frequency with which different longevity factors are mentioned are highly likely to be among the anticipatory indicators for the financial events of removal of the corresponding companies from the Dow Jones index. In other words, this study indicates that organizational longevity is closely related to the dynamics of company-level financial and managerial performance.

Volatility in output growth remains a genuine concern around the globe because of its detrimental effects on growth, poverty and welfare. In the realm of output volatility, the role of FDI and its consistency is particularly important and worth considering. This article examines the role of FDI inflows and specifically the instability in it on output growth volatility using a panel dataset of 141 world economies for the period 1971–2017. The study employs a variety of estimation techniques like pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), LS fixed effects (FE), LS random effects (RE), two stage least squares (2SLS) and generalised methods of moments (GMM). Findings of the study suggest that FDI acts as the volatility reducing factor, whereas uncertainty in it increases output volatility. On the policy front, this study recommends policies that not only encourage FDI inflows but also ensure the inflows to be more consistent and stable. Our results are robust corresponding to various above-mentioned estimation techniques and sensitivity analysis. JEL Codes: C23, E32, F21

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Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of high beta HCG levels (>2 median concentration measured) in predicting pregnancy induced hypertension. Study design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Social Security Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred and fifty pregnant females at 13-20 weeks of gestation were included. A 3cc blood sample was withdrawn from each women and serum was separated. The serum was stored at -20°C until analysis of β HCG test. This test was analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivity of the test was 86.5% and specificity was 96.8%. Each woman was followed till delivery and her status of hypertension which was induced due to pregnancy was observed. Results: The mean age was 31.5±6.2 years. The value of 2 median concentration measured showed that 23 cases had a value less or equal to 2 while 60 cases were those having a value greater than 2. The diagnostic accuracy of this test was 92.6%. There were 69.8% cases of PIH having beta HCG levels greater than 71000 mIU/ml and six cases with level of beta HCG higher than 100000 mIU/ml. Conclusion: Pregnancy induced hypertension is significantly associated with higher level of beta HCG and has an efficient diagnostic accuracy. Key words: Beta HCG, Pregnancy, Hypertension

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the commonest issues in perimenopausal age group. The proportion is 9-30% in reproductive age group. This extent rises to 70% in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women’s. Irregular uterine dying (AUB) warrants an intensive assessment in perimenopausal females and subsequently it’s vital to perform it in a cost-effective way with available resources. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Hysteroscopic guided biopsy and endometrial cytology To find out the efficacy of endometrial cytology in detecting different normal and abnormal endometrial patterns Study design & Settings: It is a prospective comparative study conducted at Social Security Hospital, Multan Road, Lahore included patients 30 years and above with the chief complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding. Study Duration: 01 year January 2020 to December 2020 Sample: 100 patients Inclusion Exclusion Criteria: Females having symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding and age above than 30 years are included in the study. The females who are pregnant and having infection or malignancy are excluded from the research Results: This Planned comparative hospital-based study was done in one hundred patients with abnormal uterine bleeding taken after the informed consent, inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endometrial thickness was assessed and all cases with <5 mm thickness will be avoided from the study. Mean age of the patient was found 45 and standard deviation 7.43. Practical implication Conclusion: To get the endometrial sample by pipelle technique is a safe procedure. It has high specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values when compared to hysteroscopy. In this way, to obtain adequate endometrial sample, Pipelle biopsy should be considered as important way of investigation. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, Pipelle, Endometerial sampling, FIGO