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This paper aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the air quality of Lahore city of Pakistan for the period 26th February, 2020 to 31st August, 2020. The study employs asymmetrical Granger causality tests for analyzing the effects of COVID-19 cases and deaths on particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emissions in the city. The results show positive shocks in COVID-19 cases and deaths improve the air quality of the city. This implies that the pandemic has lowered down environmental pressure in one of the top most polluted cities of the world. Further, the problem of hazardous air pollution in Lahore city is manmade mainly caused by everyday human activities. When these human activities were restricted owing to a rise in COVID-19 cases and deaths, the air pollution in the city resultantly reduces. Therefore, this study recommends controlling unnecessary production and consumption activities that degrades the environment so that air pollution in the city can be manageable after the COVID-19.

The current research aimed to ascertain the impact of the in-store factors on the impulse purchasing behavior of Pakistani' footwear consumer'. Do the in-store factors, store environment, store promotions, friendly employees, hedonic motivation, good mood, and impulse buying tendency influence the consumers when they visit the store or not? The research design took a deductive approach and survey strategy as methodological tools. The consumers of the footwear industry were approached and asked to complete the questionnaires. The study took a total sample size of 250. The recollected questionnaires were 218 out of 250, making it a response rate of 87 percent. The structural equation modeling technique (SEM) was used with AMOS's help to analyze the data. The finding elaborated on the positive and significant impact of all the in-store factors, like the atmosphere,friendly staff, sales, etc., on consumers' impulse buying behavior. The urge to buy impulsively plays a pivotal part in the in-store factors and impulse buying behavior. This study took the in-store factors of impulse buying behavior in Pakistan's footwear industry, which no researcher has studied until now.

This study, focusing on the longevity of large business organizations as a period of uninterrupted satisfactory financial market performance, has examined companies failing to demonstrate longevity, such as by being removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average index. The present research has performed group-and case-level longitudinal analyses of financial performance indicators.Afterwards, the qualitative longitudinal analyses were conducted based on primary qualitative data of sampled US organizations listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average index across 28 years (1986-2013). This study has found that, from a longitudinal perspective, negative inflection points of concerted declines in the frequency with which different longevity factors are mentioned are highly likely to be among the anticipatory indicators for the financial events of removal of the corresponding companies from the Dow Jones index. In other words, this study indicates that organizational longevity is closely related to the dynamics of company-level financial and managerial performance.

Volatility in output growth remains a genuine concern around the globe because of its detrimental effects on growth, poverty and welfare. In the realm of output volatility, the role of FDI and its consistency is particularly important and worth considering. This article examines the role of FDI inflows and specifically the instability in it on output growth volatility using a panel dataset of 141 world economies for the period 1971–2017. The study employs a variety of estimation techniques like pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), LS fixed effects (FE), LS random effects (RE), two stage least squares (2SLS) and generalised methods of moments (GMM). Findings of the study suggest that FDI acts as the volatility reducing factor, whereas uncertainty in it increases output volatility. On the policy front, this study recommends policies that not only encourage FDI inflows but also ensure the inflows to be more consistent and stable. Our results are robust corresponding to various above-mentioned estimation techniques and sensitivity analysis. JEL Codes: C23, E32, F21