Introduction. At the present moment, the healthcare system has faced significant problems in terms of infectious safety: an unprecedented increase in the spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, the annual appearance of 1-2 “new” infectious diseases, an increase in the proportion of emergent infections, especially of viral etiology, against which there are no effective drugs, and the spread drug-resistant microorganisms, as well as the establishment of a direct etiological or trigger role of microbial agents in the development of somatic human pathology.The aim of our work was to evaluate the topical preparation (amylmetacresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol) used to stop the inflammatory process and eliminate pain in patients with pharyngeal diseases.Patients and methods. We studied the antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect of a fixed combination of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1.2 mg, amylmethacresol 0.6 mg. 20 patients with manifestations of inflammatory changes in the pharyngeal cavity underwent treatment with Strepsils resorption tablets according to the scheme. The control group consisted of 10 patients who received therapy according to the usual scheme.Results and discussion. As a result of the therapy, sore throat in patients in the first group completely disappeared amongst 15 patients, and its intensity significantly decreased amongst 5 patients. Patients noted that the use of Strepsils resorption tablets reduces the sensation of a foreign body, irritation in the pharynx and oral cavity; eliminates pain, tickle, feeling of soreness in the throat. The analgesic effect of the drug manifested itself after about 5 minutes and lasted up to 2 hours. By the end of the treatment, all patients from this group had unpleasant sensations and discomfort completely stopped.Conclusion. Amylmethacresol/Dichlorobenzyl Absorption Tablets is a well-tolerated and effective over-the-counter treatment offering functional, sensory and emotional benefits for patients with acute sore throat, providing a quick onset of effect and may be more relevant and suitable than antibiotics when pharyngitis associated with viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.

An important and topical problem of modern otorhinolaryngology is the search for effective and safe medicines for the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, which is one of the most common human diseases, and this problem is becoming more and more acute every year. When prescribing antibacterial therapy for patients with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, an otorhinolaryngologist should be sure that the drug has a rapid bactericidal effect, the spectrum of its activity includes most of the possible pathogens, and pharmacodynamics of the drug contribute to its accumulation in the focus of the pathological process.

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The main objectives of the present article were to systematize the modern views of the causes and risk factors of allergic rhinitis, to clarify the manner of its development, to define the leading etiological mechanism underling the pathogenesis of this condition, to consider the methods used for the diagnostics and the treatment of this disease, and to sum up the clinical experience with the use of Levocetirizine (Allerwey) for the management of allergic rhinitis. Special attention is given to the achievement and the maintenance of control of the persistent or intermittent forms of allergic rhinitis and to approaches to its treatment based on the medications registered in the Russian Federation.

Introduction. Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. But despite their predominantly viral nature, the activation of their own microflora occurring during the disease, the addition of pathogenic and the associated risks of rhinogenic complications lead to the widespread use of antibacterial therapy for this pathology. Local antiseptics, such as framycetin sulfate in the form of nasal spray, play an important role in the multicomponent structure of rhinosinusitis therapy.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an aerosol preparation of framycetin sulfate of domestic and imported production on the activity of the atrial fibrillation of the nasal cavity as topical antibacterial therapy in acute rhinosinusitis.Materials and methods. The study included 30 adult patients diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis. The patients were randomized into 2 equal groups and received standard therapy for this disease, according to clinical recommendations. The differences in the groups concerned only topical antibacterial therapy. The 1st experimental group used a drug of domestic production, the 2nd group - a control group, used an imported framycetin spray.Results. Data were obtained not only comparing the clinical picture depending on the treatment, but also information about the effect of the drug on the activity of the atrial epithelium of the nasal cavity, the distribution of the substance in the nasal cavity, and even considered the structural differences of the vials that affect the distribution of the drug during injection. Conclusion. Topical antibacterial therapy with framycetin sulphate is an effective method in complex treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Innovative technologies for the creation of an aerosol of framicetin solution allow to achieve stable dosage of the drug during use.

Sore throat is one of the most frequent reasons for going to the doctor and prescribing irrational antibacterial therapy. The reasons for this are many – from the difficulties of etiological diagnosis and the development of relapses and possible severe complications to the personal attitude of doctors and patients to the choice of treatment. At the same time, the issue of antibiotic resistance, side effects associated with the appointment of antibacterial therapy, is one of the most important problems of modern health care around the world. Difficulties in the process of clinical observation of patients, the peculiarities of the course of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx are factors requiring constant improvement of methods of providing medical care. Antiseptics play a significant role in the treatment of sore throat, exceeding the frequency of use of antibiotics. So, one of the antiseptics used topically, the effectiveness of which has been proven in clinical studies, is Strepsils, which includes 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol and amylmetacresol. The results of clinical studies of the drug indicate its positive effect in patients with sore throat. All this things allow us to recommend that this complex antiseptic be more often included in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx.

The high prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract brings this pathology to the forefront, occupying up to 90% of cases of contacting specialists among all infectious diseases. The main etiological factor in the occurrence of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, such as rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, is the defeat of a viral agent. At the same time, the damaging viral agents are extremely diverse. In turn, an incorrectly selected initial therapy can lead to a weakening of local nonspecific immunity, which in turn forms a starting point for the attachment of a bacterial infection and the development of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Due to the high prevalence of infections of the upper respiratory tract and unreasonable systemic antibiotic therapy, it is the main factor contributing to the growth of antibacterial resistance, and taking into account the wide range of infectious microbiota that contributes to the development of chronic pathology, the selection of adequate drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract remains relevant. If it is inappropriate to use antibacterial therapy, homeopathic preparations can be used both as monotherapy for uncomplicated forms of a viral disease, and in combination in cases where the safety of prescribed drugs is important to the patient. This is especially true in childhood, when the doctor is limited in the use of medicines. The purpose of this work is to familiarize physicians with the epidemiology, symptoms and modern principles of treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with an emphasis on risk factors. The analysis of Russian-language and English-language publications was carried out using the databases: eLibrary, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index, Springer, Scopus, Scientific Research, Crossref.

Structural features of the extarnal ear form a number of factors that affect the course of inflammatory and scar processes. A strong difference in the structure of the external ear requires an individual approach, taking into account their structure. To maintain normal functioning, the external ear has specialized defense mechanisms, such as the presence of ceruminous glands, a weak acidic environment with bactericidal properties, a special epidermal migration mechanism aimed at self-cleaning the lumen of the auditory canal. But in addition to protective factors, the structure of the external ear has features that contribute to the development of a long-term inflammatory process. The data of studies describing the features of the narrowing of the of the cavity external auditory canal, both due to age-related changes in the auricle and due to the bending of the walls of its bone section. The shape of the external auditory canal affects not only the visualization of ear structures, but also the course of the inflammatory process. In the case of the development of scar and adhesive changes in the external auditory canal, this leads to a significant hearing loss. The main principles of the methods developed by the authors for the elimination of scar changes in the external auditory canal, depending on the localization in its departments, are described. In addition to the direct elimination of cicatricial changes, it is mandatory to eliminate the places of maximum narrowing of the external auditory canal with the expansion of its cavity, the formation of a skin lining, taking into account the complexity of epithelialization and the need to restore protective mechanisms. An important role in maintaining the effectiveness of treatment is played by the correct choice of tamponade and stenting for a long time. To correct the inflammatory process and prevent excessive formation of connective tissue, injections of ultra-long-acting glucocorticosteroids are used, carried out directly at the site of scar formation. Such an integrated approach to the correction of scars in the external auditory canal, taking into account the peculiarities of its structure, allows achieving high treatment results (up to 80 %), preventing the recurrence of the adhesive process and prolonged inflammation.