In recent decades, among diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, an increase in the number of people with perforations of the nasal septum has been noticeable. To date, the most effective method of treating perforations is operational. Currently, surgeons’ work on closing defects of the nasal septum does not always end with a positive result due to the fact that the transplant materials used in plastic surgery of perforations are often rejected some time after surgery and the perforations reappear. In our study, we treated 80 patients with septum defects in the age range from 18 to 63, for whom septum perforation was closed using transplant materials: fascia treated with Alloplant technology and allogeneic cartilage treated with Alloplant technology and without application. The septum defect closure performance was determined after 1 month and 1 year after surgery. The study revealed that plastic surgery of nasal septum perforations using transplant materials processed using Alloplant technology using the anatomical, clinical, and functional results of treatment one month and one year after surgery has a more effective method than the classical treatment method and leads to fast and full return of all functions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.
For many decades, the problem of chronic tonsillitis still does not lose its relevance. However, some aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis remain unexplored. This article presents the results of a study of the bacterial flora and structural components of the tissues of the palatine tonsils in chronic decompensated tonsillitis and appendix in patients with acute tonsillitis, as well as a comparison of some indicators of the general clinical analysis of peripheral blood in patients with these types of pathology. Chronic tonsillitis occurred in the history of patients with acute appendicitis in 78% of cases, which is ten times the frequency of its detection in the urban population. In all patients with acute appendicitis, palatine tonsil hypertrophy was detected, mainly of the III degree, as well as the presence of liquid or thick caseous pus in the gaps. In chronic decompensated tonsillitis, an increase in the seeding of the palatine tonsils of Streptococcus pyogenes occurs, and in acute appendicitis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes appear on the background of Escherichia coli. Unidirectional changes in the areas of structural components of palatine tonsils in patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis and appendix in patients with acute appendicitis were revealed. Based on the data obtained, we can assume the similarities and interconnections of the pathogenesis of chronic decompensated tonsillitis and acute appendicitis.
Case-control studies are retrospective observational studies designed to determine the relationship between the outcome of interest and its potential cause. This study design has known disadvantages: possible bias in the results, selection bias in the control group, etc. In order to avoid inconsistency between the study and control groups and thus underestimating of the possible influence of intervening factors (confounder), a whole class of methods is used to ensure that case-control matching pairs are selected and matched. Objective. To discuss and demonstrate the possibility of forming groups of research subjects (impact and control) on the basis of matching variables using the optimal matching procedure and compare the results of paired and unpaired analysis. Materials and methods. The baseline data were the results of a cross-sectional study of the impact of pandemic COVID-19 on health worker behavior. An example algorithm was used to assess the impact of awareness of different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 on health professionals. The processing was done in the R software environment. Discussion. The present study had two objectives: to demonstrate a method for optimal matching of case-control pairs for specific data and to estimate the effect of certain factors on the outcome of interest. Using this method allows for maximum consistency between study and control groups on selected matching variables. This tool simplifies and automates data preparation for subsequent analysis when case and potential control data are presented in a single dataset. Thus, the example shows that with different values of the number of controls per case indicator the point and interval estimate of the odds ratio varies slightly and indicates a statistically insignificant association between the need for more information and the forced use of leave by the health professional due to various concerns about the impact of COVID-19.
Introduction. The integration of special acoustic means into the safety system makes it relevant to conduct biomedical research to evaluate the impact of their effects on the hearing organs. Objective. To study the characteristics of a special sound signal and its effect on the hearing organ of an experimental biological model. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 6 males (12 ears) guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) weighing 200–250 grams at the age of 4 weeks. A set of special audio equipment was used to generate an acoustic signal. The study was conducted in a room with an area of about 47 m2. The time of a single exposure to experimental animals was 3 minutes at a sound level of 127–128 dBA. Before exposure and at different times after exposure (after 24 and 72 hours), the otoscopic picture was evaluated, a Preyer’s reflex and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) was carried out. Results. The special sound signal was characterized by distinct frequency components and can be attributed to tonal noises. After acoustic exposure to a special sound signal, a normal otoscopic picture was observed in experimental animals. Restoration of the Preyer’s reflex occurred 24 hours after exposure. The restoration of the DPOAEs to background values at frequencies from 1.5 to 3.3 kHz occurred 24 hours after acoustic exposure, at a frequency of 4.2 kHz there was a significant tendency to recovery. Conclusions. With a short-term (within three minutes) single exposure to a special sound signal with a sound level of 127 to 128 dBA on biological models (guinea pigs), no pathology of the hearing organ was detected. Given the greater resistance of humans to acoustic effects, compared to guinea pigs, this can equally be extended to humans.
For a long time for otolaryngologists, the issues of identifying and treating such a formidable disease as chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) have been topical. This disease still haunts many specialists, as it leads to acquired hearing loss in people of working age. Only in the last ten years, the number of children of younger age groups with already manifested acquired hearing loss has increased. Along with the correct and timely diagnosis, it is very important to cure this disease once and for all, since exacerbations often disrupt not only the performance, but also the quality of life of the patient. The gold standard for the treatment of patients with CHSO is surgical – tympanoplasty. In the process of studying the pathological process in chronic suppurative otitis media and methods of its more effective surgical treatment, the results of tympanoplasty were analyzed. An illustrative clinical example has been chosen, with the help of which it is possible to trace all the stages of surgical intervention in chronic suppurative otitis media. An otoscopic examination was carried out at several stages of observation of this patient, as well as the determination of auditory function. The presented clinical case shows step by step the effectiveness of the scheme of surgical treatment and postoperative management. Thus, these steps are applicable to any myringoplasty with tympanic membrane defects of any size. It is tympanoplasty and control in the postoperative period that makes it possible to completely close the defect of the tympanic membrane and prevent chronic otitis media from recurring.
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