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BackgroundThalassemias (Thal) are forms of inherited autosomal recessive blood disorders arising out of mutations in the chromosomes 11 or 16. These disorders lead to poor oxygen delivery to blood vessels and consequent splenomegaly, bone deformities, and shorter life spans. The most common detection methods for Thal are complete blood count (CBC) followed by electrophoresis and molecular diagnosis methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping. These methods involve sophisticated instrumentations and are cumbersome and expensive.ResultsIn this study an innovative spectral detection method, based on the fluorescence spectra of a set of biomolecules (tyrosine, tryptophan, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide and porphyrins) found in blood components is presented. An algorithm based on the spectral features of such biomolecules of blood components of 20 Thal patients (10 female and 10 male) and 18 age adjusted normal controls (4 female and 14 male) demonstrate reasonable level of classification with sensitivity and specificity values exceeding 90%.ConclusionThis new technique could be of significant value for Thal detection, diagnosis, and subsequent genetic counselling and could be adapted for use in small primary health centres.

Pathological condition of malignant tissue could be analyzed by spectral domain or time domain spectroscopy, the two being the complementary to each other in optical biopsy (OB) of cancer. This paper reports results of time resolved emission spectroscopy (TRS) of 24 excised tissue samples of breast and prostate (normal control 5 12; benign 5 4; malignant 5 8), employing a 390 nm, 100 fs, Ti-Sapphire laser pulses.The fluorescence decay times were measured using streak camera and the resultant data were fitted for single and bi-exponential decays with reliability of 97%. Our results show the distinct difference between normal, benign and malignant tissues mostly due to the emission spectra of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH), Flavin Mononucleotide (FAD) and also due to the heterogeneity of micro environments associated with the diseased tissues. In this short report, fit is also shown that TRS of breast tissues are similar to those of prostate tissues.

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Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder with worldwide incidence of 15%; out of this, it is found in up to 20% in countries like Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The standard conventional method of detection is complete blood count (CBC) followed by hemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or both. In this context, spectral detection of variants of sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an innovative technique, which when made accurate and reliable could be an effective alternative, since the instrumentation is compact (5 kg) and hence portable. This makes mass screening even in remote villages possible. In this paper, we give the essential aspects of fluorescent spectral features of sickle cell trait (SCT), sickle cell disease (SCD), beta (β) thalassemia trait (BTT) + SCD, and beta (β) thalassemia disease (BTD) + SCD. All the above four major variants could be discriminated among themselves and also from the normal control blood sample. All these analyses could be carried out with 5 ml of blood, in a time period of 10 minutes. The results of this paper give strong support for an alternative method, a spectral technique, for molecular-level diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and other closely related blood disorders.

The main aim of this study was to develop Povidone Iodine loaded ilmforming gel for excellent wound healing property with various formulations, and corresponding application strati ication was prepared with Povidone Iodine, polyethylene glycol-400, polyethylene glycol-4000, aloe vera, and honey. Povidone Iodine is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application in the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds. Among the antiseptic and antimicrobial substances, Povidone-Iodine still occupies its position of lasting importance in everyday human and veterinary medicine. Povidoneiodine products display the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial effect with high clinical ef icacy together with extremely low toxicity in clinical practice. The purpose served by dressing includes protecting wounds, promoting healing, and providing, retaining, or removing moisture. Wound repairing is a complex process involving an integrated response by many different cell types and growth factors to achieve rapid restoration of skin integrity and protective function after injury. In recent years, there have been tremendous advances in the design and composition of bandages and dressings, and there are numerous wound care materials. Some wound dressing types are biosynthetic dressings, composite dressings, gauze, hydrocolloid dressings, hydrogels, transparent ilms, etc. Povidone Iodine is completely soluble in cold and mild-warm water, ethyl alcohol, Iso propyl alcohol, Polyethylene glycol, and glycerol. The developed Povidone Iodine loaded ilm-forming gel was evaluated for their physical and chemical stability. The ilm-forming optimized gel formulation composed of povidone-iodine, polyethylene glycol-400, polyethylene glycol-4000, aloe vera, and honey and this composition provides suitable consistency, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The prepared trials were coded PGAH-01, PGAH-02, PGAH-03, PGAH-04, and PGAH-05, respectively. Among these all formulations, the PGAH-04 formulation parameters was found within the limit.

The aim of the study is to formulate and evaluate topical gels prepared with povidone iodine, honey and aloe vera using carbopol and poloxamer. Ninetopical gels were formulated using carbopol and poloxamerat various concentrations and evaluated for, rheological properties, in vitro drug release profile, release mechanism and in vitro antimicrobial activity, pH, spreadability, viscosity, flow index and flow behaviour for all the formulations and were found within acceptable range. The F8 has 99% of cumulative drug release percentage. The invitro mechanism release showed that F8 fits with first order kinetics (r 2 = 0.9967) followed by Higuchi model (r 2 = 0.9657) diffusion process based on Fick's Law. F8 formulation showed minimum inhibitory one of 34.46 mm and 27.57 mm for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively, which exhibited more prominently than other formulations. Based on the findings, it was concluded that F8 has an effective antimicrobial activity and maximum drug release.