Optical Biopsy of Benign and Malignant Tissue by Time Resolved Spectroscopy

Abstract

Pathological condition of malignant tissue could be analyzed by spectral domain or time domain spectroscopy, the two being the complementary to each other in optical biopsy (OB) of cancer. This paper reports results of time resolved emission spectroscopy (TRS) of 24 excised tissue samples of breast and prostate (normal control 5 12; benign 5 4; malignant 5 8), employing a 390 nm, 100 fs, Ti-Sapphire laser pulses.The fluorescence decay times were measured using streak camera and the resultant data were fitted for single and bi-exponential decays with reliability of 97%. Our results show the distinct difference between normal, benign and malignant tissues mostly due to the emission spectra of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH), Flavin Mononucleotide (FAD) and also due to the heterogeneity of micro environments associated with the diseased tissues. In this short report, fit is also shown that TRS of breast tissues are similar to those of prostate tissues.

Discriminating Benign and Malignant Brain Tumors By Spectral Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid

“…When the excited molecule undergoes stronger solutesolute or soluteenvironmental interactions the life time decreases. Such a decrease in the decay time is characteristic of malignancy in any tumors because overcrowding is the indication of malignancy [46]. For example, in the research paper on prostate cancer, the decay time constant, done with femtosecond laser pulse gave for (τ2) 124 ps for control,60 ps for benign and 42 ps for malignant prostate cancer [51,52]; for (τ3) 1134ps for control,1103 ps for benign and 580 ps for malignant breast cancer [46].…”

“…In the current study, the diagnosis of brain tumor by distinguishing malignant from benign and normal, is performed on the Cerebrospinal Fluid, since it circulates via every portion of the brain, even in case of focal malignancies and complex tumor location. Fluorescence spectroscopy and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy measurements of two main fluorophores i.e., tryptophan and tyrosine were obtained since these fluorophores undergo significant changes with transformation into malignancy [27,[42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

An Efficient Violet Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) from a Conjugated Polymer (PFO-co-pX) in Solution

“…Laser is a very versatile instrument that has applications in every aspects of life [1,2], science [3] and technology [4]. Many materials excite laser action, like fluorescent dyes [5,6], quantum dots [7,8,9] and conjugated polymers.…”

Fluorescence-guided Tumor Visualization Using the Tumor Paint BLZ-100

“…In order to overcome these challenges, surgeons have employed various imaging techniques, including image-guided surgery based on preoperative MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans, intra-operative MRI (iMRI), and intra-operative ultrasound. There are several other newer techniques, which have demonstrated potential, including time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy [13][14][15][16][17][18] and Raman spectroscopy [19][20][21][22], but these techniques are very hard to deploy in the operating conditions and require complicated hardware.…”