Resumo: Os imunossupressores são drogas que agem na divisão celular e têm propriedades anti-inflamatórias. Sendo assim, são essencialmente prescritos na prevenção de rejeição de transplantes e no tratamento das doenças autoimunes e inflamatórias crônicas, que, na Dermatologia, têm a psoríase como maior representante. Nesta sessão serão descritas as principais drogas imunossupressoras, com orientações para seu manejo adequado. Palavras-chave: Azatioprina; Ciclofosfamida; Ciclosporina; Imunossupressores; Metotrexato Abstract: Immunosupressants are drugs that act in cell division and have anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, they are essentially prescribed in the prevention of transplant rejection and in the treatment of autoimmune disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases, whose main example in Dermatology is psoriasis. In this work the most important immunosuppressive drugs and orientation to properly administer them are going to be described. INTRODUÇÃOO tratamento imunossupressor é necessário para prevenir a rejeição de um órgão transplantado e também atua contra doenças inflamatórias, alvo principal da Dermatologia. Essa classe de drogas age inibindo a divisão celular, além de possuir propriedade antiinflamatória. Seu uso é indicado em psoríase, pênfigos e penfigoides, linfomas, entre outras patologias.Antes de iniciar uma terapia imunossupressora, é necessário conhecer as indicações, as contraindicações, os efeitos adversos e as interações medicamentosas, para poder minimizar os riscos do tratamento. Em alguns casos, ela pode ser prescrita para crianças, mas o calendário vacinal deve estar atualizado (vacinar 2-4 semanas antes do início do tratamento) e é preciso evitar vacina de vírus vivo durante este. 1 Além disso, algumas condutas deverão ser seguidas, como: anamnese (levando-se em conta a idade, os fármacos em uso e as comorbidades); realização de profilaxia para estrongiloidíase e esclarecimento ao paciente sobre a nova terapia. A rotina de exames pré-tratamento determinará, com a clínica, o medicamento mais indicado e sua respectiva dose.O objetivo de qualquer terapia médica é proporcionar cura e/ou alívio de doenças com o menor dano possível ao paciente. Isso está sendo alcançado graças ao vasto arsenal de drogas e agentes biológicos que tem possibilitado terapias imunossupressoras mais adaptadas às necessidades individuais dos pacientes. São as seguintes as premissas da individualização da imunossupressão: diferenças nos níveis de
Steatocystoma multiplex is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of hamartomatous malformations at the junction of the pilosebaceous duct. It consists of encapsulated cystic lesions in the dermis, with adjacent sebaceous gland. When associated with inflammation, resembling hidradenitis, it is called steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa, a condition rarely reported. This is the first case of steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa reported in the Brazilian literature. Female patient, 23 years old, with papular and nodular cystic lesions that started in the armpits and groin, later spreading to the trunk, lower limbs, anticubital fossa, face and scalp. The presence of papular-nodular lesions associated with disseminated hidradenitis-like lesions in flexural areas and the histopathological diagnosis of steatocystoma defined the diagnosis of steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa.
Dermatofibroma is a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor, common and easily diagnosed when classical clinicopathologic features are present. The atrophic variant of dermatofibroma is of uncertain origin. This lesion is characterized clinically by a flat or atrophic and depressible surface. Histopathological features show reduction of the thickness of the dermis and elastic fibers. We report a typical case of this uncommon and probably underdiagnosed variant.
Darier's disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 55,000 to 100,000 individuals, regardless of gender. It is characterized by multiple keratotic papules on the seborrheic areas of the trunk, scalp, forehead and flexures, and the clinical picture is worsened by heat, sun exposure, perspiration and mechanical trauma. Histopathology observed loss of epithelial adhesion and abnormal keratinization. About 10% of cases present in the localized form of the disease. We report a case of segmental Darier's Disease Type I and discuss the main characteristics of this condition.
Lichen aureus is a rare variant of pigmented purpura, with a chronic and benign course. It is generally asymptomatic and often occurs in the lower limbs, presenting as erythematous brownish, coppery or golden macules and/or papules. The diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathological findings. The dermatoscopic pattern has been considered a useful tool in diagnosis presumption. We describe a case with a confluent morphological pattern, called agminate lichen aureus.
Abstract:We report the case of a man of 45 with superficial dermatophytosis longtime inadvertently treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids with subsequent progression to the deep form, known as granuloma Majocchi. Treatment with orally terbinafine was successful.
Vascular leiomyoma are uncommon benign smooth muscle tumors which generally present as a single painful nodule in the lower limbs. We report a case of vascular leiomyoma on the second finger of the left hand, an unusual location for this tumor.
Acrometastasis is a rare occurrence, especially when affecting the hands. It represents around 0.007-0.2% of all metastatic lesions. The most common site of origin is the lung, accounting for 40-50% of all cases reported in the literature. Kidneys and breasts are other sites also associated with neoplastic lesions that disseminate to the hands. More rarely, the site of origin may be the gastrointestinal tract or other systemic tumors or sarcomas. Early diagnosis is difficult, since the condition may be asymptomatic or may mimic tenosynovitis, arthritis, paronychia, pyogenic granuloma or a local infection. In the present paper, the authors report on a patient with the diagnosis of acrometastasis on both hands originating from a basaloid carcinoma of the anal canal. Response to radiotherapy was poor. Keywords: Colonic neoplasms; Granuloma, pyogenic; Neoplasm metastasisResumo: As acrometástases, principalmente para as mãos, são incomuns e representam cerca de 0,007-0,2% de todas as lesões metastáticas. O pulmão é o sítio de origem mais comum, colaborando com 40-50% dos casos relatados na literatura. Os rins e mamas são outras localizações também relacionadas a neoplasias que metastatizam para as mãos, além de, mais raramente, trato gastrointestinal, outros tumores sistêmicos e sarcomas. Seu diagnóstico precoce é difícil, pois pode ser assintomático, se assemelhar a tenossinovite, artrite, paroníquia, granuloma piogênico ou infecção local. No presente relato, os autores apresentam paciente com diagnóstico de acrometástase, em ambos os quartos quirodáctilos, oriunda de carcinoma basaloide de canal anal, com pobre resposta à radioterapia.
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